過程

See also: 过程

Chinese

		to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker) to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker); to pass; to celebrate; to live; to get along; excessively; too-	rule; order; regulations rule; order; regulations; formula; journey; procedure; sequence; surname
trad. (過程)		過	程
simp. (过程)		过	程

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guòchéng

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄔㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwo³ cing⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ko-chhàng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kòe-têng / kèr-thêng / kè-têng / kè-thêng / kòe-thêng

(Teochew, Peng'im): guê³ tian⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guòchéng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄔㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guòchéng
  - Wade–Giles: kuo⁴-chʻêng²
  - Yale: gwò-chéng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guohcherng
  - Palladius: гочэн (gočɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwo³ cing⁴
  - Yale: gwo chìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwo³ tsing⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: guo³ qing⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɔː³³ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ko-chhàng
  - Hakka Romanization System: go cangˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: go⁴ cang²
  - Sinological IPA: /ko⁵⁵ t͡sʰaŋ¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòe-têng
  - Tâi-lô: kuè-tîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koea'deeng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kue²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɪŋ²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèr-thêng
  - Tâi-lô: kèr-thîng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè-têng
  - Tâi-lô: kè-tîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kea'deeng
  - IPA (Taipei): /ke¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɪŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè-thêng
  - Tâi-lô: kè-thîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kea'teeng
  - IPA (Taipei): /ke¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ke²¹⁻⁵³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòe-thêng
  - Tâi-lô: kuè-thîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koea'teeng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kue²¹⁻⁵³ tʰiɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kue²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰiɪŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: guê³ tian⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuè thiâⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tʰĩã⁵⁵/

Noun

過程

process; course
認識過程／认识过程 ― rènshi guòchéng ― cognitive process

一個漫長的過程／一个漫长的过程 ― yīge màncháng de guòchéng ― a long process

全過程人民民主／全过程人民民主 ― quán guòchéng rénmín mínzhǔ ― whole-process people's democracy

它在這個過程中起什麼作用？ [MSC, trad.]
它在这个过程中起什么作用？ [MSC, simp.]
Tā zài zhège guòchéng zhōng qǐ shénme zuòyòng? [Pinyin]
What role does it play in this process?

在輸血過程中應密切注意輸血的不良反應發生並應及時合理的處理。 [MSC, trad.]
在输血过程中应密切注意输血的不良反应发生并应及时合理的处理。 [MSC, simp.]
Zài shūxuè guòchéng zhōng yīng mìqiè zhùyì shūxuè de bùliáng fǎnyìng fāshēng bìng yīnggāi jíshí hélǐ de chǔlǐ. [Pinyin]
During blood transfusions we should pay close attention to potential adverse reactions and deal with them in a timely and reasonable manner.

Synonyms

edit

流程 (liúchéng)
行程 (xíngchéng)

歷程／历程 (lìchéng)
進程／进程 (jìnchéng)

Derived terms

映射過程／映射过程
生產過程／生产过程
認識過程／认识过程

轉變過程／转变过程
隨機過程／随机过程 (suíjī guòchéng)
馬爾可夫過程／马尔可夫过程

Japanese

Kanji in this term
過	程
か Grade: 5	てい Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かてー [kàtéé] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [ka̠te̞ː]

Homophones: 家庭, 仮定, 課程

Noun

過(か)程(てい) • (katei)

process
- 2011, Barack Obama, 中東と北アフリカに関するバラク・オバマの演説, translation of "Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa":
  その過(か)程(てい)では、悪(わる)い時期(じき)も良(よ)い時期(じき)もあろう。
  Sono katei de wa, warui jiki mo yoi jiki mo arō.
  Along the way, there will be good days and there will be bad days.

Synonyms

プロセス (purosesu)
経緯(いきさつ) (ikisatsu)

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
過	程

Noun

過程 • (gwajeong) (hangeul 과정)

Hanja form^? of 과정 (“process”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
過	程

Noun

過程

chữ Hán form of quá trình (“process”).

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN