離別

See also: 离别

Chinese

	to leave; to depart; to go away to leave; to depart; to go away; from	other; distinguish; contrary other; distinguish; contrary; difficult; awkward; leave; depart; separate; classify; another; do not; must not; to pin
trad. (離別)	離	別
simp. (离别)	离	别
anagram	別離／别离

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): líbié

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˊ ㄅㄧㄝˊ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): либе (libi͡ə, I-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): lei⁴ bit⁶
Min Dong (BUC): liê-biĕk
Min Nan (POJ): lī-pia̍t / lî-pia̍t

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: líbié
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ ㄅㄧㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: líbié
  - Wade–Giles: li²-pieh²
  - Yale: lí-byé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: libye
  - Palladius: либе (libe)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li³⁵ pjɛ³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: либе (libi͡ə, I-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²⁴ piə²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lei⁴ bit⁶
  - Yale: lèih biht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lei⁴ bit⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: léi⁴ bid⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lei̯²¹ piːt̚²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: liê-biĕk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ie²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(p-)βieʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lī-pia̍t
  - Tâi-lô: lī-pia̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lixpiat
  - IPA (Xiamen): /li²²⁻²¹ piɛt̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /li²²⁻²¹ piɛt̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /li³³⁻²¹ piɛt̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁴¹⁻²² piɛt̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /li³³⁻¹¹ piɛt̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lî-pia̍t
  - Tâi-lô: lî-pia̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: li'piat
  - IPA (Taipei): /li²⁴⁻¹¹ piɛt̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /li²³⁻³³ piɛt̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: /liᴇ bˠiᴇt̚/

Rime
Character	離	別
Reading #	1/3	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	支 (11)	仙 (83)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	呂支切	皮列切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇ/	/bˠiᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛ/	/bᵚiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ljɛ/	/biæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liə̆/	/biat̚/
Li Rong	/lie/	/bjɛt̚/
Wang Li	/lǐe/	/bĭɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/lie̯/	/bʱi̯ɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lí	bié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lei⁴	bit⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]aj N-pret/

(Zhengzhang): /*rel bred/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	離	別
Reading #	2/3	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lí	bié
Middle Chinese	‹ lje ›	‹ bjet ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]aj/	/*N-pret/
English	depart from	be separated (intr.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	離	別
Reading #	2/3	2/2
No.	7780	821
Phonetic component	离	别
Rime group	歌	月
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	離	别
Old Chinese	/*rel/	/*bred/
Notes	甲文象隹入網羅，離反爲省文

Verb

離別

to leave; to go away from; to part with; to part; to separate
- 多情自古傷離別，更那堪，冷落清秋節。 [Ci, trad.]
  多情自古伤离别，更那堪，冷落清秋节。 [Ci, simp.]
  From: Liu Yong (柳永), c. middle 11th century. 《雨霖鈴》. Translated by Betty Tseng.[1]
  Duōqíng zìgǔ shāng líbié, gèng nǎkān, lěngluò qīngqiū jié. [Pinyin]
  As always the romantic fear adieu the most,
  How especially so in this dismal fall!

Synonyms

edit

分別／分别 (fēnbié)
分離／分离 (fēnlí)

別離／别离 (biélí) (literary)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (離別):

→ Japanese: 離(り)別(べつ) (ribetsu)
→ Korean: 이별(離別) (ibyeol)
→ Vietnamese: li biệt (離別)

References

Betty Tseng (2011) 038 柳永 – 雨霖鈴‎ (in Chinese), archived from the original on 2020-02-13

Japanese

Kanji in this term
離	別
り Grade: S	べつ Grade: 4
on’yomi

Noun

離(り)別(べつ) • (ribetsu)

separation from a person
divorce

Synonyms

(divorce): 破婚(はこん) (hakon), 離縁(りえん) (rien), 離婚(りこん) (rikon), 夫婦別(ふうふわか)れ (fūfuwakare)

Verb

離(り)別(べつ)する • (ribetsu suru) intransitive suru (stem 離(り)別(べつ)し (ribetsu shi), past 離(り)別(べつ)した (ribetsu shita))

separate from a person
混乱期(こんらんき)の中(なか)で肉親(にくしん)と離別(りべつ)する
konran-ki no naka de nikushin to ribetsu suru
be separated from one's blood relatives during a time of unrest
get a divorce

Conjugation

Conjugation of "離別する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	離別し	りべつし	ribetsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	離別し	りべつし	ribetsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	離別する	りべつする	ribetsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	離別する	りべつする	ribetsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	離別すれ	りべつすれ	ribetsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	離別せよ¹ 離別しろ²	りべつせよ¹ りべつしろ²	ribetsu seyo¹ ribetsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	離別される	りべつされる	ribetsu sareru
Causative	離別させる離別さす	りべつさせるりべつさす	ribetsu saseru ribetsu sasu
Potential	離別できる	りべつできる	ribetsu dekiru
Volitional	離別しよう	りべつしよう	ribetsu shiyō
Negative	離別しない	りべつしない	ribetsu shinai
Negative continuative	離別せず	りべつせず	ribetsu sezu
Formal	離別します	りべつします	ribetsu shimasu
Perfective	離別した	りべつした	ribetsu shita
Conjunctive	離別して	りべつして	ribetsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	離別すれば	りべつすれば	ribetsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
離	別

Noun

離別 • (ibyeol) (hangeul 이별)

Hanja form^? of 이별 (“farewell; parting”).

Related terms

작별 (作別, jakbyeol): farewell; parting; relatively short-term and bears lighter weight

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
離	別

Verb

離別

chữ Hán form of li biệt (“to part; to separate”).

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[1] Betty Tseng (2011) 038 柳永 – 雨霖鈴‎ (in Chinese), archived from the original on 2020-02-13