三十

Chinese

three ten
simp. and trad.
(三十)
anagram 十三
Chinese cardinal numbers
 <  29 30 31  > 
    Cardinal : 三十 (sānshí)

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Initial () (16) (25)
Final () (143) (141)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/sɑm/ /d͡ʑiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/sɑm/ /d͡ʑip̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/sɑm/ /d͡ʑjep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/sam/ /d͡ʑip̚/
Li
Rong
/sɑm/ /ʑiəp̚/
Wang
Li
/sɑm/ /ʑĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/sɑm/ /ʑi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
sān shí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
saam1 sap6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
sān shí
Middle
Chinese
‹ sam › ‹ dzyip ›
Old
Chinese
/*s.rum/ (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?) /*t.[ɡ]əp/
English three ten

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 1/1
No. 10963 11452
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3 3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*suːm/ /*ɡjub/

Numeral

三十

  1. thirty; 30
    昨天收到三十垃圾短信 [MSC, trad.]
    昨天收到三十垃圾短信 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ zuótiān shōudào le sānshí duō tiáo lājī duǎnxìn. [Pinyin]
    I received over 30 spam text messages yesterday.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (三十):
  • Japanese: 三十(さんじゅう) (sanjū)
  • Korean: 삼십(三十) (samsip)

Japanese

Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  29 30 31  > 
    Cardinal : 三十

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
さん
Grade: 1
じゅう
Grade: 1
on’yomi

*/sanzipu//sanʑifu//sanʑiu//sand͡ʑuː/

From Middle Chinese 三十 (MC sɑm d͡ʑiɪp̚). Analyzable as (san, three) + (, ten).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) んじゅう [sáꜜǹjùù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [sã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑɨᵝː]

Noun

(さん)(じゅう) (sanjū) さんじふ (sanzifu)?

  1. thirty
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term

Grade: 1

Grade: 1
kun’yomi

⟨mi1so1/miso/

From Old Japanese. Compound of (mi, three) + (so, ten).[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [mʲiso̞]

Noun

()() (miso) 

  1. thirty
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
Grade: 1 Grade: 1
irregular

/mi so ti//misot͡ɕi/

From Old Japanese. Compound of 三十 (miso, thirty) + (chi, road), where the road sense of (chi) is used metaphorically as a unit of time, usually expressing a sense of day, but also sometimes used to mean year.[2]

This reading is obsolete, and has been superseded by misoji below.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [mʲiso̞t͡ɕi]

Noun

三十(みそち) (misochi) 

  1. (obsolete) thirty
  2. (obsolete) thirty years of age

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
Grade: 1 Grade: 1
irregular

Shift from earlier misochi (see above).[1] The -chi changes to -ji as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

三十(みそじ) (misoji) みそぢ (misodi)?

  1. (uncommon) thirty
  2. (uncommon) thirty years of age

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja in this term

Numeral

三十 (samsip) (hangeul 삼십)

  1. Hanja form? of 삼십 (thirty).
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