油

See also: 㳌, 沺, 𣳑, and 由
油 U+6CB9, 油
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CB9
← 沸
[U+6CB8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 沺 →
[U+6CBA]

Translingual
Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
8 strokes

Han character

油 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水中田 (ELW), four-corner 35160, composition ⿰氵由)

Derived characters
  • 𠶢, 𣓐, 𭳂, 𫈜, 𩭶

References
  • KangXi: page 614, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17253
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1007, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1585, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6CB9

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 油

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 油
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (由) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
袖 *ljɯwɢs
岫 *ljɯwɢs
牰 *ljɯwɢs, *lɯwɢs
抽 *l̥ʰɯw
妯 *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ
紬 *l'ɯw
怞 *l'ɯw
鮋 *l'ɯw, *ɦljɯw, *lɯw
菗 *rlɯw
宙 *l'ɯwɢs
胄 *l'ɯwɢs
冑 *l'ɯwɢs
伷 *l'ɯwɢs
駎 *l'ɯwɢs
油 *lɯw, *lɯwɢs
由 *lɯw
蚰 *lɯw
秞 *lɯw
邮 *lɯw
釉 *lɯwɢs
柚 *lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ
鼬 *lɯwɢs
苖 *l'ɯːwɢ, *l̥ʰɯwɢ
笛 *l'ɯːwɢ
迪 *l'ɯːwɢ
頔 *l'ɯːwɢ
軸 *l'ɯwɢ
舳 *l'ɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *lɯw, *lɯwɢs) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 油
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 以周切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jɨu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jiu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /iəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /juw/
Li
Rong		 /iu/
Wang
Li		 /jĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yóu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jau4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 油
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yóu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ yuw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[l][u]/
English flow(ing)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 油
Reading # 1/2
No. 15525
Phonetic
component		 由
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 猷
Old
Chinese		 /*lɯw/
Notes 象柚實，爲柚初文；柚爲條，由枿亦稱木生條，
同音相借

Definitions

油

  1. name of an ancient river
  2. oil: fat, grease, lard, petroleum, etc.
    麻油  ―  máyóu  ―  sesame oil
    豬油／猪油  ―  zhūyóu  ―  lard
    石油  ―  shíyóu  ―  petroleum; oil
    機油／机油  ―  jīyóu  ―  engine oil
    漏油 [Cantonese]  ―  lau6 jau4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to leak oil
    炒菜要落油。 [Cantonese]  ―  caau2 coi3 jiu3 lok6 jau4. [Jyutping]  ―  You need to add oil when you stir-fry vegetables.
  3. to paint
    油屋 [Cantonese]  ―  jau4 uk1 [Jyutping]  ―  to paint the house
  4. (Cantonese) Short for 油漆 (“paint”).
    啲油未乾呀。／啲油未干呀。 [Cantonese]  ―  di1 jau4-2 mei6 gon1 aa3. [Jyutping]  ―  The paint hasn't dried yet.
    油油 [Cantonese]  ―  jau4 jau4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to apply paint
  5. (Cantonese) to colour (with crayons, coloured pencils, oil pastel, etc.)
    老師將弟弟油嗰幅畫貼堂。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    老师将弟弟油嗰幅画贴堂。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    lou5 si1 zoeng1 dai6-4 dai6-2 jau4 go2 fuk1 waa2 tip3 tong4. [Jyutping]
    The teacher posted the picture that my brother coloured on the board.
  6. (Cantonese) Short for 油門／油门 (yóumén, “accelerator; gas pedal; throttle”).
    踩油 [Cantonese]  ―  caai2 jau4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to hit the gas; to accelerate
  7. to be grease-stained
  8. sly; glib
  9. vigorous, abundant
  10. shiny
  11. sweet-tempered, acquiescent
  12. flippant and insincere
  13. dark
  14. a surname

Compounds
Derived terms from 油

Descendants
  • → Vietnamese: dầu (𪽠)

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 油
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 余救切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jiuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /iəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /juwH/
Li
Rong		 /iuH/
Wang
Li		 /jĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jau6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 油
Reading # 2/2
No. 15534
Phonetic
component		 由
Rime
group		 奧
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 狖
Old
Chinese		 /*lɯwɢs/

Definitions

油

  1. † Alternative form of 釉 (yòu, “to glaze”).
  2. Used in 浩油.

References

Japanese

Kanji
油

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
油
あぶら
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 油 – see the following entry.
【あぶら】
[noun] 油, 膏: oil
Alternative spellings
油, 膏
(This term, 油, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

油 (eumhun 기름 유 (gireum yu))

  1. Hanja form? of 유 (“oil”).

Kunigami

Kanji

油

  • Kun: あんだー (andā, 油)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 油 (abura).

Noun

油 (hiragana あんだー, romaji andā)

  1. oil

Miyako

Kanji

油

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 油 (abura).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /avva/, /aʋva/, /aʋʋa/

Noun

油 (hiragana あっゔぁ, romaji avva)

  1. oil

Okinawan

Kanji
油

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
油
あんだ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Cognate with Japanese 油 (abura).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ʔan̩da]

Noun

油 (hiragana あんだ, rōmaji anda)

  1. oil

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 油(あんだ)虫(むさー) (andamusā, “slug”)
  • 油(あんだ)人(ちゅー) (andachū, “green grass lizard (Takydromus smaragdinus)”)
  • 油揚(あんだ)ぎー (andagī, “andagi”)

References
  • “あんだ【油】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Vietnamese

Han character

油: Hán Việt readings: du[1][2][3][4][5][6]
油: Nôm readings: dầu[1][2][3], dàu[1][2][3], dàu[1][2][3], rầu[1][2][3], ru[1][2], dù[2][3], râu[1], trầu[3], dư, dẫu

  1. chữ Hán form of du (“oil”).
  2. Nôm form of dầu (“oil”).

Compounds
  • 油𫗒 (dầu ăn)

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Trần (1999).
  5. Nguyễn (1974).
  6. Thiều Chửu (1942).
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.