菜

See also: 莱
菜 U+83DC, 菜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83DC
← 菛
[U+83DB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 菝 →
[U+83DD]
菜 U+2F9A3, 菜
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A3
← 菌
[U+2F9A2] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𦰶 →
[U+2F9A4]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

菜 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 12 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 11 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿月木 (TBD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿱艹采)

Derived characters
  • 𢵛, 𮓇

References

Chinese
trad. 菜
simp. # 菜
2nd round simp. 𦬁

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (采) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
采 *sʰɯːʔ
睬 *sʰɯːʔ
彩 *sʰɯːʔ
採 *sʰɯːʔ
綵 *sʰɯːʔ
寀 *sʰɯːʔ
菜 *sʰɯːs
埰 *sʰɯːs
棌 *sʰɯːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰɯːs) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 采 (OC *sʰɯːʔ).

Etymology

From 采 (OC *sʰɯːʔ, “to gather; to pluck”) + nominalizing *-s, literally “what is gathered or plucked” (Sagart, 1999; Schuessler, 2007). See 采 for more.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 菜
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 倉代切
Baxter tshojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰəiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰəjH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰᴀiH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 cài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 coi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 菜
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 cài
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tshojH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.r̥ˁəʔ-s/
English vegetables

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 菜
Reading # 1/1
No. 1076
Phonetic
component		 采
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 菜
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰɯːs/

Definitions

菜

  1. vegetable; greens (Classifier: 條／条 c)
    蔬菜  ―  shūcài  ―  vegetables
    白菜  ―  báicài  ―  Chinese cabbage
    菠菜  ―  bōcài  ―  spinach
    1. (specifically, in compounds) rape; rapeseed (plant used for vegetable oil)
      菜籽  ―  càizǐ  ―  rapeseed
      菜油  ―  càiyóu  ―  rapeseed oil
  2. dish; course (Classifier: 盤／盘 m; 道 m)
    這道菜很對胃口。／这道菜很对胃口。  ―  Zhè dào cài hěn duìwèikǒu.  ―  This dish is tasty.
    每次他來這兒，他都點同樣的菜。 [MSC, trad.]
    每次他来这儿，他都点同样的菜。 [MSC, simp.]
    Měi cì tā lái zhèr, tā dōu diǎn tóngyàng de cài. [Pinyin]
    Whenever he comes to this place, he orders the same dish.
    我在考慮我晚飯做什麼菜。 [MSC, trad.]
    我在考虑我晚饭做什么菜。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ zài kǎolǜ wǒ wǎnfàn zuò shénme cài. [Pinyin]
    I'm wondering what to cook for dinner.
  3. cuisine; (type of) food
    川菜  ―  chuāncài  ―  Sichuan cuisine
    日本菜  ―  Rìběn cài  ―  Japanese food
  4. grocery
    買菜／买菜  ―  mǎicài  ―  to buy groceries
    菜市場／菜市场  ―  càishìchǎng  ―  farmers' market
  5. (colloquial) (one's) type; cup of tea
    他是我的菜！  ―  Tā shì wǒ de cài!  ―  He is my type!
  6. (colloquial) bad; inferior; disappointing; below average
    菜鳥／菜鸟  ―  càiniǎo  ―  noob
    我好菜啊。  ―  Wǒ hǎo cài a.  ―  I'm so inferior [to others].
    菜英文  ―  cài yīngwén  ―  poor English (pun on the name of Taiwanese president Tsai Ing-wen)
  7. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang, derogatory) girlfriend (Classifier: 條／条)
  8. a surname: Cai; Tsai

Synonyms
  • (rape): 油菜 (yóucài)
  • (dish):
Dialectal synonyms of 菜 (“dish; vegetable or meat dish”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 菜餚, 菜品, 菜蔬
Mandarin Beijing 菜
Taiwan 菜
Tianjin 菜
Jinan 菜
Xi'an 菜
Wuhan 菜
Chengdu 菜
Guilin 菜
Yangzhou 菜
Hefei 菜
Singapore 菜
Cantonese Guangzhou 餸, 餸菜
Hong Kong 餸, 餸菜
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 餸菜
Macau 餸
Guangzhou (Panyu) 餸
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 餸
Guangzhou (Conghua) 餸
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 餸
Foshan 餸
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 餸
Foshan (Shunde) 餸
Foshan (Sanshui) 餸
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 餸
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 餸
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 餸
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 餸
Zhuhai (Doumen) 餸
Jiangmen (Baisha) 餸
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 餸
Taishan 餸, 餸菜
Kaiping (Chikan) 餸
Enping (Niujiang) 餸
Heshan (Yayao) 餸
Dongguan 餸
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 餸
Yangjiang 餸
Beihai 餸
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 菜
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 菜
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 菜
Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 菜餸
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 餸
Singapore (Guangfu) 餸
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 餸
Móng Cái 菜
Gan Nanchang 菜
Hakka Meixian 菜
Jin Taiyuan 菜
Min Bei Jian'ou 菜
Songxi 菜
Jianyang 菜
Min Dong Fuzhou 配
Gutian 配飯菜
Fuding 乇配
Min Nan Xiamen 物配, 菜配, 菜
Quanzhou 物配, 菜
Yongchun 菜
Zhangzhou 物配
Singapore (Hokkien) 物配, 菜配
Manila (Hokkien) 物配
Longyan 配
Zhangping (Yongfu) 配
Chaozhou 物配
Jieyang 物配
Leizhou 物配, 配
Puxian Min Putian 物配
Min Zhong Yong'an 菜
Shaxian 配
Wu Shanghai 小菜
Suzhou 小菜
Shaoxing 下飯
Ningbo 下飯, 菜蔬, 小菜 rare
Zhoushan 下飯, 菜蔬, 小菜 rare
Wenzhou 配, 餚配
Xiang Changsha 菜
Shuangfeng 菜
  • (cuisine): 餐 (cān)
  • (girlfriend):
Dialectal synonyms of 女朋友 (“girlfriend”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 女朋友, 女友
Mandarin Beijing 女朋友
Taiwan 女朋友, 女友, 馬子 humorous or derogatory
Chengdu 女娃子, 女娃娃, 女娃兒, 盤子
Guilin 𧊅
Xuzhou 女朋友
Nanjing 女朋友, 攀西
Singapore 女朋友
Cantonese Guangzhou 女朋友, 女
Hong Kong 女朋友, 女友, 女, 女女, 菜 derogatory
Taishan 女朋友, 女
Dongguan 皮油
Singapore (Guangfu) 女朋友
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 細妹朋友, 女朋友
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 細妹朋友, 女朋友
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 細妹朋友, 女朋友
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 細妹朋友, 女朋友
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 妹子朋友, 女朋友
Min Dong Fuzhou 女朋友
Min Nan Xiamen 女朋友
Shishi 女朋友
Taipei 姼仔 GT
Penang (Hokkien) 查某朋友
Singapore (Hokkien) 查某朋友
Manila (Hokkien) 女朋友, 查某朋友
Chaozhou 女朋友
Haifeng 女朋友
Singapore (Teochew) 查某朋友
Leizhou 女朋友
Wu Shanghai 女朋友
Suzhou 女朋友
Hangzhou 女朋友
Ningbo 女朋友
Zhoushan 女朋友
Xiang Changsha 妹子
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds
Derived terms from 菜

References

Japanese
Shinjitai 菜
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]
菜󠄁
菜+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
菜󠄄
菜+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
菜󠄃
菜+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
菜

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. greens; vegetables
  2. rape (Brassica napus); rapeseed
  3. side dish

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
菜
な
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Noun

菜(な) • (na) 

  1. greens

Derived terms
Derived terms

References
  1. 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “菜”, in 字通 普及版 (Jitsū fukyūban, “Jitsū trade edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  2. 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1033 (paper), page 529 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
  3. 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1826 (paper), page 965 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
  4. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  6. 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

菜 • (chae) (hangeul 채)

  1. An edible plant or leaf of plant. greens; vegetables

Compounds
Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

菜: Hán Nôm readings: thái, thủy/thuỷ, linh, lê

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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