z
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Translingual
Pronunciation
IPA (file)
See also
Symbol
z
- (metrology) Symbol for the prefix zepto-.
- (astronomy) Symbol for the redshift.
- (mathematics) Used to denote a real variable when x and y are already in use.
- (mathematics) Used to denote the third coordinate in three-dimensional Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems.
- (mathematics) Used to denote a complex variable.
- (statistics) Used to denote a value of a standard normal random variable.
- (chemistry) Symbol for atomic number.
- (IPA) voiced alveolar fricative
Derived terms
- Prefix zepto-
Gallery
- Letter styles
- Uppercase and lowercase versions of Z, in normal and italic type
- Uppercase and lowercase Z in Fraktur
English
Pronunciation
Letter name
- (UK) IPA(key): /zɛd/
Audio (UK) (file) - (US) IPA(key): /ziː/
Audio (US, California) (file) - (Hong Kong) IPA(key): /ˈɪzə(r)d/, /ɪˈzə(r)d/
- (India) IPA(key): /ɪˈzɛd/, /ɪˈzɛɖ/
- Rhymes: -ɛd, -iː
Phoneme
- IPA(key): /z/
Letter
See also
Alemannic German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡s/
Cimbrian
Alternative forms
- 's (Sette Comuni)
Article
z
- (Luserna) the; definite article for two declensions:
- nominative singular neuter
- accusative singular neuter
See also
Cimbrian definite articles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
Nominative | dar | de / di | 's / z | de / di |
Accusative | in | de / di | 's / z | de / di |
Dative | me | dar | me | in |
References
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /z/
Audio (file)
Preposition
z
Usage notes
This preposition is followed by the genitive case.
Synonyms
Dutch
Pronunciation
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛt
- (letter name): IPA(key): /zɛt/
Letter
z (lower case, upper case Z)
See also
- Previous letter: y
Egyptian
Pronunciation 1
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /zɛ/, /zɑ/
- Conventional anglicization: ze, za
Inflection
singular | z |
---|---|
dual | zwj |
plural | zw |
Alternative forms
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[Old Kingdom] | [New Kingdom] | [Late Period] | [Late Period] |
Pronunciation 2
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /zuʀ/ → /suʀ/ → /suʔ/ → /søʔ/
Usage notes
This word can be placed after a type of person and before a number to indicate that many prisoners of that type were taken.
Inflection
singular | z |
---|---|
dual | zwj |
plural | zw |
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Descendants
- Coptic: ⲥⲁ- (sa-)
Inflection
singular | z |
---|---|
dual | zwj |
plural | zw |
Noun
|
m
- A type of fish [22nd dynasty]
Inflection
singular | z |
---|---|
dual | zwj |
plural | zw |
References
- Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /zo/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /z/
Audio (file)
Letter
z (lower case, upper case Z)
Estonian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtsetː/
Letter
z (lower case, upper case Z)
Usage notes
- Used only in loanwords.
Finnish
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Letter
z (lower case, upper case Z)
Usage notes
- Used only in loanwords. In more established loanwords replaced with ts.
French
Pronunciation
- (letter name) IPA(key): /zɛd/
Gothic
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA(key): [ˈz]
- (letter name): IPA(key): [ˈzeː]
Letter
z (lower case, upper case Z)
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | z | z-k |
accusative | z-t | z-ket |
dative | z-nek | z-knek |
instrumental | z-vel | z-kkel |
causal-final | z-ért | z-kért |
translative | z-vé | z-kké |
terminative | z-ig | z-kig |
essive-formal | z-ként | z-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | z-ben | z-kben |
superessive | z-n | z-ken |
adessive | z-nél | z-knél |
illative | z-be | z-kbe |
sublative | z-re | z-kre |
allative | z-hez | z-khez |
elative | z-ből | z-kből |
delative | z-ről | z-kről |
ablative | z-től | z-ktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
z-é | z-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
z-éi | z-kéi |
Possessive forms of z | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | z-m | z-im |
2nd person sing. | z-d | z-id |
3rd person sing. | z-je | z-i |
1st person plural | z-nk | z-ink |
2nd person plural | z-tek | z-itek |
3rd person plural | z-jük | z-ik |
See also
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
Further reading
- z in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Ido
Indonesian
Pronunciation
Letter
z (lower case, upper case Z)
Usage notes
- Used only in loanwords from Arabic, English, etc.
Italian
Latin
Etymology
The minuscule form derives from the majuscule Z.
Letter
z (lower case, upper case Z)
- The twenty-third letter of the Classical Latin alphabet, called zēta.
References
- z in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “z”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
Latvian
Etymology
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [z]
Lower Sorbian
Alternative forms
- ze (used before sibilants and certain consonant clusters)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /z/, (before a voiceless consonant) /s/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *sъ(n), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom.
Preposition
z (with instrumental)
- with
- Stej bratš ze sotšu. ― They are brother and sister (lit. ‘brother with sister’).
Malay
Letter
z (lower case, upper case Z)
Maltese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡s/, /d͡z/
- Simple z is almost always /t͡s/. Geminated zz is also predominantly voiceless, but intervocalically it may represent /dd͡z/, notably in the verbal suffix -izza.
Norwegian
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /set/, /sɛt/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /s/, /ʃ/
Audio (file)
Usage notes
- Not used in Norwegian, only appears in loanwords from e.g. Slavic.
- Used interchangeably with s in Internet slang and informal writing.
Old Polish
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz.
Preposition
z [+genitive]
Descendants
- Polish: z
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n).
Preposition
z [+instrumental]
- denotes comitative or sociative relation; with, alongside
- denotes instrumental relation; with, by means of
- denotes origin or cause; because of, from
Descendants
- Polish: z
References
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “z”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /z/
- (letter name) IPA(key): /zɛt/
Letter
z (upper case Z, lower case)
See also
Etymology 2
Inherited from Old Polish z, from Proto-Slavic *jьz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /z/, /s/
Audio (file)
Preposition
z [+genitive]
- Denotes delative movement; off of
- Jesteś z przodu czy z tyłu? ― Are you at the front or at the back?
- Denotes duration; since
- Denotes a change of state; from
- Denotes origin or cause; because of, from
- Denotes elative movement; out of
- Jestem z Polski. ― I'm from Poland.
- jeden z dziesięciu ― one out of ten
- Denotes the composition of an item; from, out of, of
- motyka z drewna ― a hoe made of wood
Particle
z
- (colloquial) ish approximately, about
- Synonyms: mniej więcej, około
- Mam z pięć jabłek ― I have five ish apples.
Etymology 3
Inherited from Old Polish z, from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /z/, /s/
Audio (file)
Preposition
z [+instrumental]
- Denotes comitative or sociative relation; with, alongside
- Antonym: bez
- Denotes instrumental relation; with, by means of
- Podróżuje z prędkością światła! ― It's travelling at the speed of light?
Usage notes
- The preposition or particle generally changes to ze when the pronunciation of the two consecutive words becomes problematic. Some dictionaries claim that this rule applies to words starting with one of the following consonants: s, z, ś, ź, ż, rz, sz that are followed by another consonant. [1] Examples include:
- Ten pręt jest z żelaza. ― This rod is made of iron.
- Ten pręt jest ze stali. ― This rod is made of steel.
- Pochodzę z Francji. ― I come from France.
- Pochodzę ze Szwecji. ― I come from Sweden.
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), z is one of the top 10,355 most used words in Polish, appearing 1744 times in scientific texts, 1828 times in news, 1527 times in essays, 1920 times in fiction, and 1291 times in plays, totaling 8310 times, making it the 7th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]
References
Further reading
- z in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- z in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “Z”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 20.02.2014
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807-1814), “z”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “z”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1927), “z”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 8, Warsaw, page 1
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /z/
- (letter name) IPA(key): /ze/
Letter
z (lower case, upper case Z)
Romani
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /z/
Letter
z (lower case, upper case Z)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
Sani
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /z̊³³/
References
- Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, volumes 26-27 (2003, Department of Linguistics, University of California), page 74
- Huang Bufan (editor), Xu Shouchun, Chen Jiaying, Wan Huiyin, A Tibeto-Burman Lexicon (1992; Central Minorities University, Beijing) (has z̊³³)
Serbo-Croatian
Alternative forms
- (uppercase) Z
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /z/
Preposition
z (Cyrillic spelling з)
- (Kajkavian, Chakavian, Croatia) (+ instrumental case) with
- 1501, Marko Marulić, Judita:
- požgat su pritili sela naša stane,
žene z dicom htili vest u svoje strane,
inim dati rane, svih smrtno sikući;- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 1622, Ivan Gundulić, Suze sina razmetnoga:
- od svjetlosti zrak otvori,
i ostaše razlučene,
z bielim danom noćne sjene:- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 1927, Dragutin Domjanić, Kaj:
- I srce mi greje
I z menom se smeje
I v žalosti plače takaj.- (please add an English translation of this quote)
-
- (Kajkavian) (+ genitive case) from, out of
- 1927, Dragutin Domjanić, Kaj vrt si senja:
- Oblaček po nebu
Si stiha putuje,
A z trave još samo
Šćurica se čuje.- (please add an English translation of this quote)
-
Slovak
Alternative forms
- zo (see usage notes)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /z/
Usage notes
- The zo form is used when the following word starts with the letter z, ž, s, š and certain consonant clusters.
Further reading
- z in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk
Slovene
Etymology 1
See Translingual section.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /s/
Letter
z
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *sъ(n), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /s/
Preposition
z
Alternative forms
- s (before a voiceless consonant)
Further reading
- “z”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (phoneme) /s/, /θ/
- IPA(key): (letter name, Spain) /ˈθeta/ [ˈθe.t̪a]
- IPA(key): (letter name, Latin America) /ˈseta/ [ˈse.t̪a]
- (Castilian)
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -eta
- (Castilian)
Swedish
Pronunciation
- Letter name
- IPA(key): /ˈsɛːta/
- Phoneme
Turkish
Letter
z (lower case, upper case Z)
Zulu
Letter
z (lower case, upper case Z)