友

友 U+53CB, 友
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53CB
← 及
[U+53CA]
CJK Unified Ideographs 双 →
[U+53CC]
See also: 犮 and 发

Translingual

Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

友 (Kangxi radical 29, 又+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 大水 (KE), four-corner 40047, composition ⿸𠂇又)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 165, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3119
  • Dae Jaweon: page 374, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 391, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+53CB

Chinese

simp. and trad.
友
alternative forms 㕛
𦫹
𦐮

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 友
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 又 (“hand”) + 又 (“hand”) – two right hands meeting in friendship. Also phono-semantic (形聲) , from 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs).

Etymology

Endoactive derivation of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “right”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan གྲོགས (grogs, “friend; companion”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • jau5-2 - “guy; bloke”.

Rime
Character 友
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 云久切
Baxter hjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦiuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦuwX/
Li
Rong
/ɣiuX/
Wang
Li
/ɣĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jau5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 友
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yǒu
Middle
Chinese
‹ hjuwX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
English friend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 友
Reading # 1/1
No. 15596
Phonetic
component
又
Rime
group
之
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
有
Old
Chinese
/*ɢʷɯʔ/

Definitions

友

  1. friend; companion
    好友  ―  hǎoyǒu  ―  good friend
  2. (literary) to make friends with
  3. (literary, chiefly among brothers) to love each other
  4. (in compounds) friendly
    友邦  ―  yǒubāng  ―  friendly nation
    友軍/友军  ―  yǒujūn  ―  friendly forces
  5. (Cantonese, colloquial, slightly impolite) guy; bloke (Classifier: 條/条; 班)
    西裝友/西装友 [Cantonese]  ―  sai1 zong1 jau5-2 [Jyutping]  ―  guy in a suit
  6. a surname

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

友

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. friend

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
友
とも
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 友 – see the following entry.
【とも】
[noun] friend, companion, comrade, pal
[noun] member of the same category
Alternative spellings
友, 朋
(This term, 友, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Proper noun

友(ゆう) • (Yū) ←いう (iu)?

  1. a male given name

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 友 (MC ɦɨuX).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [u(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [우(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 友 (eumhun 벗 우 (beot u))

  1. Hanja form? of 우 (“friend; companion”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

友: Hán Nôm readings: hữu

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