學問

See also: 学问 and 学問

Chinese

		learn; study; science learn; study; science; ‑ology	to ask
trad. (學問)		學	問
simp. (学问)		学	问

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xuéwèn

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄨㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hok⁶ man⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ho̍k-mun
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ha̍k-būn

(Teochew, Peng'im): hag⁸ mung⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xuéwèn → xuéwen (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄨㄣˋ → ㄒㄩㄝˊ ˙ㄨㄣ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syuéwůn
  - Wade–Giles: hsüeh²-wên⁵
  - Yale: sywé-wen
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyue.wenn
  - Palladius: сюэвэнь (sjuevɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕɥɛ³⁵ wən⁵¹/ → /ɕɥɛ³⁵ wən³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hok⁶ man⁶
  - Yale: hohk mahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hok⁹ man⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hog⁶ men⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːk̚² mɐn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ho̍k-mun
  - Hakka Romanization System: hog mun
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hog⁶ mun⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /hok̚⁵ mun⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ha̍k-būn
  - Tâi-lô: ha̍k-būn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hagbun
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hak̚⁴⁻³² bun²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hak̚²⁴⁻² bun⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bun²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hak̚⁴⁻³² bun³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hak̚⁴⁻³² bun³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hag⁸ mung⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ha̍k mūng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hak̚⁴⁻² muŋ¹¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɦˠʌk̚ mɨun^H/

Rime
Character	學	問
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	江 (10)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	胡覺切	亡運切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠʌk̚/	/mɨun^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚɔk̚/	/miun^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɔk̚/	/miuən^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨwk̚/	/mun^H/
Li Rong	/ɣɔk̚/	/miuən^H/
Wang Li	/ɣɔk̚/	/mĭuən^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɔk̚/	/mi̯uən^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xué	wèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hok⁶	man⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kˤruk C.mu[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡruːɡ mɯns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	學	問
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xué	wèn
Middle Chinese	‹ hæwk ›	‹ mjun^H ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kˁruk/	/*C.mu[n]-s/
English	study; imitate	ask
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	學	問
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	14079	8967
Phonetic component	學	門
Rime group	覺	文
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	學	問
Old Chinese	/*ɡruːɡ/	/*mɯns/
Notes	甲文象習持爻於膝前，金文方加子

Noun

學問

branch of knowledge
死亡學是一門新興的學問。 [MSC, trad.]
死亡学是一门新兴的学问。 [MSC, simp.]
Sǐwángxué shì yī mén xīnxìng de xuéwèn. [Pinyin]
Thanatology is a new branch of knowledge.
learning; knowledge; wisdom; erudition; scholarship
做學問／做学问 ― zuòxuéwèn ― to do scholarly research; to pursue scholarship

賣弄學問／卖弄学问 ― màinòng xuéwèn ― to show off one's knowledge

蘊含博大精深的學問 [MSC, trad.]
蕴含博大精深的学问 [MSC, simp.]
yùnhán bódàjīngshēn de xuéwèn [Pinyin]
to contain profound wisdom
- 種植牛油果看似簡單，但背後學問多得很。 [MSC, trad.]
  种植牛油果看似简单，但背后学问多得很。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 杨文明 (8 January 2018), “云南孟连土地这样流转”, in People's Daily, page 10
  Zhǒngzhí niúyóuguǒ kànsì jiǎndān, dàn bèihòu xuéwèn duō de hěn. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Synonyms

(scholarship):

edit

墨水 (mòshuǐ) (figurative)
學術／学术 (xuéshù)

學識／学识 (xuéshí)

(knowledge):

edit

心得 (xīndé) (knowledge gained)
所知 (suǒzhī) (literary)
智識／智识 (zhìshí) (literary, or Min Nan and Cantonese)
知識／知识 (zhīshi)
聞見／闻见 (wénjiàn) (literary)

見聞／见闻 (jiànwén)
見識／见识 (jiànshí)
認識／认识 (rènshi)
識見／识见 (shíjiàn) (literary)

Derived terms

做學問／做学问 (zuò xuéwèn)

有學問／有学问 (yǒuxuéwèn)

Related terms

才能 (cáinéng)
才學／才学 (cáixué)
才智 (cáizhì)
智慧 (zhìhuì)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
學	問
がく Hyōgaiji	もん Grade: 3
on’yomi

Noun

學(がく)問(もん) • (gakumon)

study of something; the sum of knowledge accrued by scholars; the realm of refined learning; scholarship

Verb

學(がく)問(もん)する • (gakumon suru) suru (stem 學(がく)問(もん)し (gakumon shi), past 學(がく)問(もん)した (gakumon shita))

to study, to engage in scholarship

Conjugation

Conjugation of "學問する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	學問し	がくもんし	gakumon shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	學問し	がくもんし	gakumon shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	學問する	がくもんする	gakumon suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	學問する	がくもんする	gakumon suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	學問すれ	がくもんすれ	gakumon sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	學問せよ¹ 學問しろ²	がくもんせよ¹ がくもんしろ²	gakumon seyo¹ gakumon shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	學問される	がくもんされる	gakumon sareru
Causative	學問させる學問さす	がくもんさせるがくもんさす	gakumon saseru gakumon sasu
Potential	學問できる	がくもんできる	gakumon dekiru
Volitional	學問しよう	がくもんしよう	gakumon shiyō
Negative	學問しない	がくもんしない	gakumon shinai
Negative continuative	學問せず	がくもんせず	gakumon sezu
Formal	學問します	がくもんします	gakumon shimasu
Perfective	學問した	がくもんした	gakumon shita
Conjunctive	學問して	がくもんして	gakumon shite
Hypothetical conditional	學問すれば	がくもんすれば	gakumon sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
學	問

Noun

學問 • (hangmun) (hangeul 학문)

Hanja form^? of 학문 (“study; learning”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
學	問

Noun

學問

chữ Hán form of học vấn (“learning”).

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