亡

亡 U+4EA1, 亡
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA1
← 亠
[U+4EA0]
CJK Unified Ideographs 亢 →
[U+4EA2]

Translingual

Stroke order
3 strokes

Han character

亡 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+1, 3 strokes, cangjie input 卜女 (YV), four-corner 00710, composition ⿱亠𠃊(GV) or ⿱亠㇄(HTJK) or ⿱丶匸 or ⿱丨匸)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 88, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 287
  • Dae Jaweon: page 184, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 279, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4EA1

Chinese

trad. 亡
simp. # 亡
alternative forms 亾
𬼖

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 亡
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogram (指事) : a line on 刀 – cutting edge of a knife; the original form of 芒 (OC *maːŋ, *maŋ, “edge of a knife”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (“not”) + Proto-Sino-Tibetan terminative suffix *-ŋ. Cognate with 忘 (OC *maŋ, *maŋs, “to forget”), 罔 (OC *mlaŋʔ, “to not have”), 荒 (OC *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs, “to waste (land, time)”) and 喪 (OC *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ, “to lose”).

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • 3maan - vernacular;
  • 3vaan - literary.

Rime
Character 亡
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 陽 (106)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 武方切
Baxter mjwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/mʉɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/mʷiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/miuɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/muaŋ/
Li
Rong
/miuaŋ/
Wang
Li
/mĭwaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/miwaŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
wáng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
mong4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 亡
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
wáng
Middle
Chinese
‹ mjang ›
Old
Chinese
/*maŋ/
English flee; disappear; die

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 亡
Reading # 1/1
No. 12662
Phonetic
component
亡
Rime
group
陽
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
亡
Old
Chinese
/*maŋ/

Definitions

亡

  1. to flee
    逃亡  ―  táowáng  ―  to flee
  2. to lose
    亡佚  ―  wángyì  ―  to be lost
    亡羊補牢/亡羊补牢  ―  wángyángbǔláo  ―  to repair the pen after sheep is lost
  3. to die
    死亡  ―  sǐwáng  ―  to die
    亡妻  ―  wángqī  ―  deceased wife
  4. to perish
    滅亡/灭亡  ―  mièwáng  ―  to perish
  5. † Alternative form of 忘 (wàng, “to forget”).
Synonyms
Compounds

Pronunciation 2


Definitions

亡

  1. † Alternative form of 無/无 (wú, “not have”).
  2. † Alternative form of 毋 (wú, “don't”).

References

  • 諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), chief ed. 大漢和辞典 (Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, “Comprehensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 13 vols. 1955–1960. Revised and enlarged ed. 1984–1986. Tokyo: Taishukan.

Japanese

Kanji

亡

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. destroy
  2. fall; collapse
  3. not exist; nonexistent
  4. run away

Readings

As an alternative form of 無 (“not”):

Compounds

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 亡 (MC mʉɐŋ).

Hanja

Wikisource 亡 (eumhun 망할 망 (manghal mang))

  1. Hanja form? of 망 (“destroy; collapse”).

Compounds

Etymology 2

Related to Middle Chinese 無 (MC mɨo).

Hanja

亡 (eumhun 없을 무 (eopseul mu))

  1. Alternative form of 無 (“Hanja form? of 무 (“not”).”)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

亡: Hán Nôm readings: vong, vô

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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