積

See also: 积
積 U+7A4D, 積
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A4D
← 穌
[U+7A4C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 穎 →
[U+7A4E]

Translingual

Han character

積 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹木手一金 (HDQMC), four-corner 25986, composition ⿰禾責)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 859, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25266
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1285, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2626, character 16
  • Unihan data for U+7A4D

Chinese
trad. 積
simp. 积
alternative forms 𥢼
𥡯

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (朿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
債 *ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ
積 *ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ
刺 *sʰeɡs, *sʰeɡ
莿 *sʰeːɡs, *raːds
刾 *sʰeɡs
朿 *sʰeɡs
漬 *zeɡs
耫 *zraːd, *zreːɡ
嘖 *ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ
梀 *sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ
捒 *sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs
幘 *ʔsreːɡ
簀 *ʔsreːɡ
嫧 *ʔsreːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ
謮 *ʔsreːɡ
責 *ʔsreːɡ
皟 *sʰreːɡ
憡 *sʰreːɡ
策 *sʰreːɡ
筴 *sʰreːɡ, *kreːb, *keːb
拺 *sʰreːɡ, *sreːɡ
賾 *zreːɡ
鰿 *zreːɡ, *ʔseɡ
擌 *sreːɡ
蹟 *ʔseɡ
襀 *ʔseɡ
磧 *sʰeɡ
洓 *sʰeɡ
績 *ʔseːɡ
勣 *ʔseːɡ
樍 *ʔseːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • chiak/chek - literary;
  • chit - vernacular.
Note:
  • zêh4 - vernacular;
  • zêg4 - literary.
Rime
Character 積 積
Reading # 2/2 1/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 清 (123) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 資昔切 子智切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡siᴇk̚/ /t͡siᴇH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡siɛk̚/ /t͡siɛH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡siæk̚/ /t͡sjɛH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡siajk̚/ /t͡siə̆H/
Li
Rong		 /t͡siɛk̚/ /t͡sieH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sĭɛk̚/ /t͡sǐeH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡si̯ɛk̚/ /t͡sie̯H/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 ji zì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zik1 zi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 積
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jī
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsjek ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ts]ek/
English accumulate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 積 積
Reading # 2/2 1/2
No. 1774 1745
Phonetic
component		 朿 朿
Rime
group		 錫 賜
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 積 積
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔseɡ/ /*ʔseɡs/

Definitions

積

  1. to store up crops; to store cereal crops
  2. to accumulate; to amass; to store; to gather
  3. to hold in store; to store up (for future use); to be latent
  4. to stagnate; to become stagnant
  5. to add up; to sum up to
  6. accumulated goods
  7. (traditional Chinese medicine) indigestion
  8. (mathematics) product (in a multiplication)
  9. long-standing; long
  10. habitual; inveterate
  11. sixtieth (60th) tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "accumulation" (𝍁)
  12. (Cantonese) transliteration of English jack
    1. (card games) jack; knave
    2. a lifting device
    3. a given name
  13. (Cantonese) transliteration of English Jake
    1. Used in 積佳蘭賀.
  14. (archaic) Alternative form of 漬／渍 (zì, “to soak”).
  15. (archaic) Alternative form of 績／绩 (jì, “achivement”).
  16. (archaic) Alternative form of 迹 (“movement”).

Compounds
Derived terms from 積

References

Japanese

Kanji
積

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. volume

Readings

Pronunciation
Kanji in this term
積
せき
Grade: 4
on’yomi

Noun

積(せき) • (seki) 

  1. (arithmetic) product

See also

Korean

Hanja

積 • (jeok, ja) (hangeul 적, 자, revised jeok, ja, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, cha, Yale cek, ca)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

積: Hán Nôm readings: tích

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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