貞

See also: 贞
貞 U+8C9E, 貞
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C9E
← 貝
[U+8C9D]
CJK Unified Ideographs 貟 →
[U+8C9F]

Translingual

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

貞 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+2, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜月山金 (YBUC), four-corner 21806, composition ⿱⺊貝)

References

  • KangXi: page 1204, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36658
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1665, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3622, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+8C9E

Chinese

trad. 貞
simp. 贞
alternative forms 鼑
𠨀
𣦵
𭾛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 貞
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) - a ding (oracle bone script , ; same as 鼎 (OC *kleːŋʔ)). Borrowed for “to divine”. Later 卜 (“to divine”) was added as a semantic component (oracle bone script ; bronze script ).

Etymology

Various comparisons have been proposed. Within Chinese, it has been compared to 偵 (OC *tʰeŋ, “to test; to detect”) (Schuessler, 2007), 正 (OC *tjeŋs, “correct; right”) (Sagart and Ma, 2020). Outside of Chinese, it has been compared to Tibetan དྲང་པོ (drang po, “straight”) (Sagart, 2020b).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 貞
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂən²¹/
/t͡sən²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃəŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂẽ²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡sən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡sen⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂən³¹/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡səŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sen³³/
Wenzhou /t͡seŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂən³³/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂən³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɨn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sən⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʃen²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡seŋ⁵³/
Nanning /t͡seŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tiŋ⁵⁵/
/t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /teiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡seŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡seŋ²³/

Rime
Character 貞
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 陟盈切
Baxter trjieng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʈiᴇŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈiɛŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȶiæŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈiajŋ/
Li
Rong
/ȶiɛŋ/
Wang
Li
/ȶĭɛŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȶi̯ɛŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhēng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zing1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 貞 貞
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhēn zhēn
Middle
Chinese
‹ trjeng › ‹ trjeng ›
Old
Chinese
/*treŋ/ /*treŋ/
English straight; correct divine (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 貞
Reading # 1/1
No. 17027
Phonetic
component
貞
Rime
group
耕
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
貞
Old
Chinese
/*teŋ/
Notes 說文鼎省聲,甲文原假借鼎字

Definitions

貞

  1. virtuous; chaste; pure
  2. loyal; faithful
    忠貞/忠贞  ―  zhōngzhēn  ―  loyal and steadfast
  3. † to divine

Compounds

  • 貞潔/贞洁 (zhēnjié)
  • 貞烈/贞烈
  • 貞白/贞白 (zhēnbái)
  • 貞石/贞石
  • 貞節/贞节 (zhēnjié)
  • 貞節牌坊/贞节牌坊
  • 貞臣/贞臣
  • 貞蕤/贞蕤
  • 貞觀/贞观 (Zhēnguàn)
  • 貞觀之治/贞观之治
  • 貞觀政要/贞观政要
  • 貞靜/贞静
  • 貞風亮節/贞风亮节
  • 貞高絕俗/贞高绝俗

References

Japanese

Kanji

貞

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. virtue, faithfulness, uprighteousness
  2. chastity

Readings

Korean

Hanja

貞 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

貞: Hán Nôm readings: trinh, riêng, tranh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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