麴

See also: 麹 and 曲

麴	U+9EB4, 麴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9EB4

← 麳
[U+9EB3]

CJK Unified Ideographs

麵 →
[U+9EB5]

Translingual

Traditional	麴/麯
Shinjitai (extended)	麹
Simplified	曲/麹

Han character

麴 (Kangxi radical 199, 麥+8, 19 strokes, cangjie input 十水心火木 (JEPFD) or 十弓心火木 (JNPFD), four-corner 4724₂, composition ⿰麥匊(G) or ⿺麥匊(HTJK))

References

KangXi: page 1513, character 52
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47818
Dae Jaweon: page 2043, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4605, character 5
Unihan data for U+9EB4

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (匊) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
菊	*kuɡ
鞠	kuɡ, kʰuɡ, *ɡuɡ
掬	*kluɡ
匊	*kluɡ
鵴	kuɡ, ɡuɡ
椈	*kuɡ
諊	*kuɡ
踘	kuɡ, ɡuɡ
趜	kuɡ, ɡuɡ
蘜	*kuɡ
鞫	*kuɡ
巈	*kuɡ
麴	*kʰuɡ
毱	*ɡuɡ
驧	*ɡuɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰuɡ) : semantic 麥 + phonetic 匊 (OC *kluɡ).

Etymology 1

trad.		麴/麯
simp.		曲^*
alternative forms		粬𱋐

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qū, qú

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄩ, ㄑㄩˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kuk¹, guk¹
Min Dong (BUC): ké̤ṳk
Min Nan (POJ): khak

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qū
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyu
  - Wade–Giles: chʻü¹
  - Yale: chyū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiu
  - Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qú
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyú
  - Wade–Giles: chʻü²
  - Yale: chyú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyu
  - Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kuk¹, guk¹
  - Yale: kūk, gūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kuk⁷, guk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: kug¹, gug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰʊk̚⁵/, /kʊk̚⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ké̤ṳk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰøyʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khak
  - Tâi-lô: khak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qag
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰak̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰak̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰak̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰak̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰak̚³²/

Middle Chinese: /kʰɨuk̚/

Rime
Character	麴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	東 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	驅匊切
Baxter	khjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰuwk̚/
Li Rong	/kʰiuk̚/
Wang Li	/kʰĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ku
Expected Cantonese Reflex	huk¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰuɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	麴
Reading #	1/1
No.	7017
Phonetic component	匊
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	麴
Old Chinese	/*kʰuɡ/

Definitions

麴

yeast
^† alcoholic beverage

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 酒麴 (“distiller's yeast”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		麴, 酒母
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		酒麴, 酒藥
Mandarin	Taiwan	酒麴
	Liuzhou	酒藥, 酒餅
	Xuzhou	麴
	Yangzhou	麴種
Cantonese	Guangzhou	酒餅
Hakka	Meixian	酒餅仔, 酒餅
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	酒餅
	Yudu	酒餅
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	糟嫲
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	糟嫲
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	糟嫲
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	糟嫲
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	糟嫲
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	糟嫲
Huizhou	Jixi	酒麴
Min Bei	Jian'ou	酒麴, 麴
Min Dong	Fuzhou	酒酵
Min Nan	Xiamen	酒麴, 酒母
	Shantou	酒餅
	Leizhou	糟餅
	Haikou	酒餅
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	酒餅
Wu	Shanghai	酒藥
Wu	Shanghai (Chongming)	酒藥
Xiang	Changsha	酒藥子
Xiang	Loudi	藥子

Compounds

大麴／大曲 (dàqū)
神麴／神曲 (shénqū)
紅麴／红曲 (hóngqū)
草麴粿／草曲粿
酒醴麴櫱／酒醴曲蘖
酒麴／酒曲 (jiǔqū)
麴君／曲君 (qūjūn)
麴塵／曲尘
麴生／曲生 (qūshēng)

麴監／曲监 (qūjiàn)
麴秀才／曲秀才 (qūxiùcái)
麴糱／曲糱 (qūniè)
麴菌／曲菌 (qūjūn)
麴車／曲车
麴道士／曲道士
麴錢／曲钱 (qūqián)
麴院／曲院 (qūyuàn)

麴黴／曲霉 (qūméi)
黃麴毒素／黄曲毒素
黃麴黴／黄曲霉 (huángqūméi)
黃麴黴毒素／黄曲霉毒素 (huángqūméi dúsù)
黃麴黴素／黄曲霉素 (huángqūméisù)
黃麴黴菌／黄曲霉菌
鼠麴粿／鼠曲粿
鼠麴草／鼠曲草

Etymology 2

trad.		麴
simp.		麹

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Qū, Qú (Qu¹, Qu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄩ, ㄑㄩˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kuk¹, guk¹
Min Nan (POJ): Khiok

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Qū
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Cyu
  - Wade–Giles: Chʻü¹
  - Yale: Chyū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chiu
  - Palladius: Цюй (Cjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Qú
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Cyú
  - Wade–Giles: Chʻü²
  - Yale: Chyú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chyu
  - Palladius: Цюй (Cjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kuk¹, guk¹
  - Yale: kūk, gūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kuk⁷, guk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: kug¹, gug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰʊk̚⁵/, /kʊk̚⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Khiok
  - Tâi-lô: Khiok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɔk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: /kʰɨuk̚/

Rime
Character	麴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	東 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	驅匊切
Baxter	khjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰuwk̚/
Li Rong	/kʰiuk̚/
Wang Li	/kʰĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ku
Expected Cantonese Reflex	huk¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰuɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	麴
Reading #	1/1
No.	7017
Phonetic component	匊
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	麴
Old Chinese	/*kʰuɡ/

Definitions

麴

a surname

References

“麴”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	麹
Kyūjitai	麴

Kanji

麴

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 麹)

yeast
leaven

Readings

Go-on: きく (kiku)
Kan-on: きく (kiku)
Kun: かびたち (kabitachi, 麴); かむし (kamushi, 麴); かむち (kamuchi, 麴); かんだち (kandachi, 麴); こうじ (kōji, 麴)^{←かうぢ (kaudi, 麴, historical)}

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 麴 – see the following entries.

【こうじ】	[noun] koji: a substance that is produced by letting a mold, especially Aspergillus oryzae, grow on rice, barley, soybeans, etc., used to make fermented products such as sake, amazake, miso, and soy sauce [proper noun] a surname Alternative spellings 麹, 糀
【かむだち】	[noun] (rare) koji: a mold, Aspergillus oryzae, used as a starter for rice, barley, soybeans, etc. to make sake, miso, etc.
【かんだち】	[noun] (rare) Alternative form of かむだち (kamudachi)

(This term, 麴, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

Korean

Hanja

麴 • (guk) (hangeul 국, revised guk, McCune–Reischauer kuk, Yale kwuk)

yeast
leaven

Vietnamese

Han character

麴: Hán Nôm readings: khúc

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