麥

See also: 麦
麥 U+9EA5, 麥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9EA5
← 麤
[U+9EA4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 麦 →
[U+9EA6]
⿆ U+2FC6, ⿆
KANGXI RADICAL WHEAT
← ⿅
[U+2FC5] 		Kangxi Radicals ⿇ →
[U+2FC7]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

麥 (Kangxi radical 199, 麥+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十人弓戈 (JONI), four-corner 40207, composition ⿱來夂)

  1. Kangxi radical #199, ⿆.

Derived characters
  • Appendix:Chinese radical/麥
  • 𠍅, 嘜, 𫝾, 𫆯, 𬗴, 䥑, 𮩍, 䮮, 𪄳, 𫉍, 䨫, 𫭑

References
  • KangXi: page 1512, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47717
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2041, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4600, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9EA5

Chinese
trad. 麥
simp. 麦*
alternative forms 麦

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 麥
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (來) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
來 *m·rɯːɡ
萊 *rɯː, *rɯːs
淶 *rɯː
徠 *rɯː, *rɯːs
崍 *rɯː
郲 *rɯː, *ruːlʔ, *ruːlʔ
騋 *rɯː
猍 *rɯː
鯠 *rɯː
鶆 *rɯː
庲 *rɯː
棶 *rɯː
斄 *rɯː, *rɯ
逨 *rɯː, *rɯːs
麳 *rɯː
唻 *rɯːʔ, *rrɯː
賚 *rɯːs
睞 *rɯːs
勑 *rɯːs
誺 *rɯːs, *r̥ʰɯ, *r̥ʰɯs, *r̥ʰɯs
倈 *rɯ
憖 *ŋrɯns
猌 *ŋrɯns
麥 *mrɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mrɯːɡ) : phonetic 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ) + semantic 夊 (“foot; to walk slowly”). 來 was the original character for “wheat”. Several possible interpretations:

  • This character originally meant “to come”. Because the simpler 來 was commonly used for this (borrowed) sense, its original meaning (“wheat”) switched with 麥.
  • 夊 represents the ancient concept that wheat came from the heavens.
  • 夊 represents growth of the wheat plant.

Etymology

Etymologically unrelated to 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ, “to come”). Schuessler (2007) suggests it is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m‑rə(k) (“buckwheat”) and cognate with Tibetan བྲ་བོ (bra bo, “buckwheat”); also compare Proto-Lolo-Burmese *g-ra² (“buckwheat”). STEDT compares 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *bra (“buckwheat”) (provisional).

Starostin (2009), on the other hand, compares 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) to Proto-Tungusic *murgi (“barley”), Middle Korean 밇 (milh, “wheat”), Old Japanese 麦 (mugi1, “wheat; barley”).

Pronunciation

Note: maak6 - variant.
Note:
  • măk - vernacular;
  • mĕk - literary.
Note:
  • be̍h/be̍eh - vernacular (including surname);
  • be̍k/bia̍k - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 麥
Mandarin Beijing /mai⁵¹/
Harbin /mai⁵³/
Tianjin /mai⁵³/
Jinan /mei²¹/
Qingdao /me⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /mei²¹/
Xining /mɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /mia¹³/
/mɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /mə¹³/
Ürümqi /mai²¹³/
/mei⁴⁴/
Wuhan /mɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /me³¹/
Guiyang /mɛ²¹/
Kunming /mə³¹/
Nanjing /məʔ⁵/
Hefei /mɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /mai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /miʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /miaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /maʔ¹/
Suzhou /mɑʔ³/
Hangzhou /mɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /ma²¹³/
Hui Shexian /mɛ²²/
Tunxi /ma¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mə²⁴/
Xiangtan /mai²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /mɑʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /mak̚⁵/
Taoyuan /mɑk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mɐk̚²/
Nanning /mɐk̚²²/
Hong Kong /mɐk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /bik̚⁵/
/beʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /maʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ma⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /beʔ⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /vɛ³³/
Rime
Character 麥
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 耕 (119)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 莫獲切
Baxter meak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /mˠɛk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mᵚæk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /mɐk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /məɨjk̚/
Li
Rong		 /mɛk̚/
Wang
Li		 /mæk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /mæk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 mò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 mak6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 麥
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 mài
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ mɛk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m-rˁək/ (dialect: *m-rˁ > *mˁr-)
English wheat

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 麥
Reading # 1/1
No. 7630
Phonetic
component		 來
Rime
group		 職
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 麥
Old
Chinese		 /*mrɯːɡ/

Definitions

麥

  1. general term for wheat, barley, oats, ryes, etc.
  2. (specifically) wheat
  3. (Hainanese) corn; maize
  4. Short for 麥克風／麦克风 (màikèfēng, “microphone”).
  5. Short for 麥克斯韋／麦克斯韦 (Màikèsīwéi).
  6. a surname

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 麥子 (“wheat”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 麥, 麥子
Mandarin Beijing 麥子
Harbin 麥子
Yantai (Muping) 麥子
Jinan 麥子
Luoyang 麥子
Wanrong 麥
Xi'an 麥
Yinchuan 麥子
Lanzhou 麥子
Xining 麥子
Ürümqi 麥子
Wuhan 麥子
Chengdu 麥子
Guiyang 麥子
Liuzhou 麥子
Nanning (Wuming) 麥, 麥子
Xuzhou 麥
Yangzhou 麥子
Nanjing 麥子
Hefei 麥子
Singapore 麥
Cantonese Guangzhou 麥
Hong Kong 麥
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 麥
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 麥
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 麥
Dongguan 麥
Yangjiang 麥
Nanning 麥
Wuzhou 麥
Yulin 麥
Hepu (Lianzhou) 麥
Hepu (Shatian) 麥
Beihai 麥
Beihai (Nankang) 禾麥
Beihai (Yingpan) 禾麥
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 麥
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 麥
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 麥
Móng Cái 麥
Gan Nanchang 麥子
Lichuan 麥子
Pingxiang 麥子
Hakka Meixian 麥仔, 小冬
Yudu 麥子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 麥仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 麥仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 麥仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 麥
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 麥
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 麥
Hong Kong 麥
Luchuan (Daqiao) 麥
Senai (Huiyang) 麥
Huizhou Jixi 麥
Jin Taiyuan 麥子
Xinzhou 麥子
Min Bei Jian'ou 麥仔
Min Dong Fuzhou 麥
Min Nan Xiamen 麥, 麥仔
Quanzhou 麥
Zhangzhou 麥仔
Zhao'an 麥
Taipei 麥仔
New Taipei (Tamsui) 麥仔
New Taipei (Sanxia) 麥仔
New Taipei (Pingxi) 麥仔
Kaohsiung 麥仔
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 麥仔
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 麥仔
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 麥仔
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 麥仔
Yilan (Toucheng) 麥仔
Tainan (Anping) 麥仔
Kinmen 麥
Penghu (Magong) 麥
Penang (Hokkien) 麥
Singapore (Hokkien) 麥
Manila (Hokkien) 麥
Chaozhou 麥
Shantou 麥
Jieyang 麥
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 麥
Leizhou 麥
Haikou 麥
Zhongshan Min Sanxiang 麥
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 麥
Wu Shanghai 麥
Suzhou 麥
Danyang 麥
Hangzhou 麥子
Ningbo 麥
Wenzhou 麥
Jinhua 麥
Xiang Changsha 麥子
Loudi 麥子
Shuangfeng 麥子
Quanzhou 麥子
Dialectal synonyms of 玉米 (“corn; maize”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 玉米, 玉蜀黍
Taxonomic name 玉米, 玉蜀黍
Mandarin Beijing 老玉米, 玉米, 棒子, 老棒子, 老玉麥
Taiwan 玉米
Tianjin 玉米, 棒子
Ulanhot 包米
Tongliao 包米
Chifeng 玉米, 包米, 棒子
Bayanhot 玉米
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 包米
Harbin 玉米, 包米
Shenyang 玉米, 包米
Yantai (Muping) 棒棒兒, 包兒米, 玉米
Qingdao 玉米, 包米兒, 包米
Jinan 玉米, 棒子
Luoyang 棒子, 包穀, 玉蜀黍, 蜀黍, 玉蜀黍兒, 老玉米, 玉米
Wanrong 玉䵚秫, 玉米
Zhengzhou 玉蜀黍
Xi'an 玉米, 包穀, 玉麥
Yinchuan 玉米
Lanzhou 包穀
Xining 包穀, 包穀棒子
Ürümqi 包穀, 包米
Wuhan 包穀, 玉米
Huanggang 玉榴
Chengdu 玉麥, 玉米, 包穀
Guiyang 包穀
Kunming 包穀, 玉麥
Guilin 包穀, 玉米
Liuzhou 玉米, 包穀
Xuzhou 棒子, 玉秫秫, 大秫秫, 玉米棒子
Yangzhou 玉蘆書, 棒頭
Nanjing 包蘆, 包穀, 玉蜀黍, 玉米
Hefei 六穀, 玉米
Nantong 玉米
Malaysia 玉米
Singapore 玉米
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 玉米
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 包米
Cantonese Guangzhou 粟米, 包粟
Hong Kong 粟米, 包粟
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 包粟
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 粟米
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 包粟
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 包粟
Macau 粟米
Guangzhou (Panyu) 粟米
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 粟米
Guangzhou (Conghua) 粟米
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 包粟
Foshan 粟米
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 粟米
Foshan (Shunde) 粟米
Foshan (Sanshui) 粟米
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 粟米
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 粟米
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 粟米
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 粟米
Zhuhai (Doumen) 粟米
Jiangmen (Baisha) 粟米
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 粟米
Taishan 粟米
Kaiping (Chikan) 粟米
Enping (Niujiang) 包粟
Heshan (Yayao) 粟米
Dongguan 包粟, 粟米
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 包粟
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 包粟
Shaoguan 包粟
Yunfu 包粟
Yangjiang 珍珠粟
Xinyi 包粟, 飯包粟
Lianjiang 粟米, 包粟
Nanning 玉米, 包粟
Wuzhou 玉米, 包粟
Yulin 包粟
Hepu (Lianzhou) 包粟
Hepu (Shatian) 包粟, 粟包, 粟米
Baise 粟米, 包粟
Beihai 包粟
Beihai (Nankang) 包粟
Beihai (Yingpan) 包粟
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 粟包
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 粟包
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 粟包
Danzhou 包麥
Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 番麥
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 包粟, 楂弓
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 粟米, 𥟼
Móng Cái 粟包, 梧
Bangkok (Guangfu) 粟米
Gan Nanchang 玉米
Lichuan 包粟, 金豆
Pingxiang 包粟
Hakka Meixian 包粟
Xingning 包粟
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 包粟, 包粟米
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 包粟
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 包粟
Huiyang 包粟
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 包粟
Huidong (Daling) 包粟
Dongguan (Qingxi) 包粟
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 包粟
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 包粟
Boluo (Bendihua) 包粟
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 包粟
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 包粟
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 包粟
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 包粟
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 包粟
Wuhua (Huacheng) 包粟
Wuhua (Changbu) 包粟
Wuhua (Mianyang) 包粟
Heyuan (Bendihua) 包粟
Zijin 包粟
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 包粟
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 包粟
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 包粟
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 包粟
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 粟米, 包粟
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 包粟
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 包粟
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 包粟
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 包粟
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 包麥
Liannan 包麥
Conghua (Lütian) 包粟
Jiexi 包粟
Changting 包粟
Wuping 包粟
Wuping (Pingyu) 包粟
Ninghua 包鬚
Yudu 包粟
Ruijin 包粟
Shicheng 包粟
Shangyou (Shexi) 包粟
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 包粟
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 包粟
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 包粟
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 包粟
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 包粟
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 番麥
Hong Kong 包粟
Luchuan 包粟
Luchuan (Daqiao) 包粟
Sabah (Longchuan) 包粟
Senai (Huiyang) 包粟
Kuching (Hepo) 包粟
Singkawang 包粟
Bangkok (Jiexi) 包粟, ข้าวโพด
Huizhou Jixi 包蘿
Shexian 包蘆
Tunxi 包蘿, 包蘿兒
Xiuning 包蘆
Yixian 包蘆, 金蘆
Qimen 包蘆
Wuyuan 包蘿
Fuliang 玉米
Dexing 包粟
Jingde 包蘆
Shitai (Xianyu) 包蘆
Jin Taiyuan 玉茭子
Pingyao 玉䵚黍, 玉茭子, 玉茭
Xinzhou 玉茭子
Taibus (Baochang) 棒子
Linhe 玉茭子
Jining 玉茭茭
Hohhot 玉茭子, 玉米
Baotou 玉茭茭
Dongsheng 玉茭子
Haibowan 玉茭子
Min Bei Jian'ou 包蘿, 觀音豆, 觀豆
Jian'ou (Dikou) 包蘿
Songxi 包蘿
Zhenghe 包蘿
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 包蘿
Jianyang 番米
Wuyishan 包黍
Pucheng (Shibei) 包蘿
Min Dong Fuzhou 油甜苞
Changle 油甜苞
Fuqing 番黍, 玉秫黍, 油甜苞
Yongtai 油甜苞
Gutian 金豆
Fu'an 番豆
Ningde 番豆
Shouning 包蘿
Zhouning 包蘿
Fuding 番豆
Matsu 包果
Min Nan Xiamen 麥穗, 番麥 dated, 蘆黍 dated
Xiamen (Tong'an) 番仔蘆黍
Quanzhou 番大麥, 蘆黍 dated
Jinjiang 番大麥
Nan'an 番大麥
Anxi 番珠
Yongchun 玉穗
Dehua 玉穗
Zhangzhou 麥穗, 番黍, 番麥 dated, 蘆黍 dated
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 番麥穗
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 番麥
Pinghe 番麥
Zhangpu 麥穗
Yunxiao 番仔麥穗
Zhao'an 番麥
Dongshan 番麥, 玉米
Taipei 番麥
New Taipei (Sanxia) 番麥
Kaohsiung 番麥
Yilan 番麥
Changhua (Lukang) 番麥
Taichung 番麥
Taichung (Wuqi) 番麥
Tainan 番麥
Taitung 番麥
Hsinchu 番麥
Kinmen 包果, 番麥
Penghu (Magong) 番仔蘆黍
Penang (Hokkien) 遮戇
Singapore (Hokkien) 遮戇, 番麥, 番蘆黍
Manila (Hokkien) 玉米, 番大麥, manis
Zhangping 番黍
Zhangping (Yongfu) 番黍
Datian 番黍
Pingnan (Shangdu) 包粟
Chaozhou 薏米仁, 幼美仁
Shantou 金黍米, 幼米仁, 薏米仁, 田螺米, 包穀
Shantou (Chenghai) 金黍米, 幼米仁, 田螺米
Jieyang 薏米仁
Puning 薏米仁
Bangkok (Teochew) 幼美仁, ข้าวโพด
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 遮戇
Batam (Teochew) 遮戇
Pontianak (Teochew) 遮戇
Leizhou 黍
Wenchang 包麥, 麥
Haikou 珍珠米
Qionghai 珍珠麥, 包麥
Puxian Min Putian 黍秫
Xianyou 番黍
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 玉米
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 玉米
Wu Shanghai 珍珠米, 玉米
Shanghai (Chongming) 大米
Suzhou 御麥, 珍珠米
Wuxi 珍珠米
Danyang 玉米粟, 珍珠粟
Hangzhou 六穀, 玉黍, 玉米
Ningbo 六穀
Wenzhou 包蘿粟, 糯米粟, 粟麥, 飯糰粟, 珍珠粟
Jinhua 包蘿
Xiang Changsha 玉米, 包穀
Loudi 玉米子
Shuangfeng 包穀, 玉米子
Quanzhou 包穀
Dialectal synonyms of 傳聲器 (“microphone”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 傳聲器, 微音器, 擴音器
Mandarin Beijing 話筒, 麥, 麥克風
Taiwan 麥克風, 話筒, 麥
Singapore 麥克風
Cantonese Guangzhou 咪, 話筒
Hong Kong 咪, 咪高峰
Hakka Meixian 咪, 麥克風, 話筒
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 麥克
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 麥克
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 麥克
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 麥克, 放送頭
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 麥克
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 麥克
Min Nan Xiamen 麥克風, 話筒
New Taipei (Pingxi) 麥克
Tainan (Anping) 麥克
Chaozhou 麥克風
Shantou 麥克風
Wu Shanghai 麥克風, 話筒
Wenzhou 話筒, 麥

Compounds
Derived terms from 麥

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (麥):
  • → Japanese: 麦(ばく) (baku)
  • → Korean: 맥(麥) (maek)
  • → Vietnamese: mạch (麥)

References

Japanese

Shinjitai

 麦

Kyūjitai

 麥

Kanji
麥

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 麦)

  1. wheat

Readings
  • Go-on: みゃく (myaku)
  • Kan-on: ばく (baku)
  • Kun: むぎ (mugi, 麥)

Korean

Hanja

麥 (eumhun 보리 맥 (bori maek))

  1. wheat; barley

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

麥: Hán Nôm readings: mạch

  1. barley

Derived terms
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