U+5951, 契
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5951

[U+5950]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5952]

U+F909, 契
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F909

[U+F908]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F90A]

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 37, +6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手竹大 (QHK), four-corner 57432, composition (GHTKV) or 𭃌(J))

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd) and ideogrammic compound (會意) : phonetic (qià, to engrave) + semantic (person).

Etymology 1

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Exopassive of (OC *keːd, *kʰeːd, “to cut”): "what has been cut" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou:
    • khòe - vernacular;
    • khè - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/3
Initial () (29)
Final () (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Baxter khejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰeiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰeiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰɛjH/
Li
Rong
/kʰeiH/
Wang
Li
/kʰieiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
kai3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qiè
Middle
Chinese
‹ khejH › ‹ khet ›
Old
Chinese
/*[kʰ]ˁet-s/ /*kʰˁet/
English script notches cut

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/4
No. 6493
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰeːds/

Definitions

  1. contract; deed
  2. to agree; to conform with; to tally with
  3. (literary) to carve; to engrave
  4. (literary) carved writing; engraved writing
  5. (Cantonese, Min Nan) adopted; adoptive; foster

Compounds

Etymology 2

trad.
simp. #

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 2/3
Initial () (29)
Final () (58)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter khj+t
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰɨt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰɨt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰiət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰɨt̚/
Li
Rong
/kʰiət̚/
Wang
Li
/kʰĭət̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰi̯ət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hat1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 4/4
No. 6519
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰɯd/

Definitions

  1. Only used in 契丹 (Qìdān, “the Khitans”).

Etymology 3

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. Xie (ancestor of the kings of the Shang dynasty)

Etymology 4

trad.
simp. #

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 3/3
Initial () (29)
Final () (87)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Baxter khet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰet̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰet̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰɛt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰɛt̚/
Li
Rong
/kʰet̚/
Wang
Li
/kʰiet̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰiet̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qie
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hit3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qiè
Middle
Chinese
‹ khet ›
Old
Chinese
/*kʰˁet/
English 契闊 hard-working (Ode 31.4)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/4 3/4
No. 6511 6514
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2 2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰeːd/ /*kʰeːd/

Definitions

  1. Used in 契闊契阔 (qièkuò, “assiduous; separate; etc.”).
  2. Alternative form of (qiè, “to take; to carry”).

Compounds

  • 契闊談讌契阔谈宴
  • 死生契闊死生契阔

References

Japanese

Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]


&#xF909;
or
+&#xFE00;?
󠄁
+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
󠄅
+&#xE0105;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
󠄂
+&#xE0102;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
󠄄
+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. pledge (allegiance)
  2. commit oneself
  3. promise (loyalty)

Readings

From Middle Chinese (MC kʰeiH); compare Mandarin ():

  • Go-on: (ke)
  • Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese (MC kʰet̚); compare Mandarin (qiè):

From Middle Chinese (MC set̚); compare Mandarin (xiè):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

Proper noun

(ひさし) (Hisashi) 

  1. a male given name

References

  1. ”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia) (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
  2. 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 606 (paper), page 353 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
  3. 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 386 (paper), page 206 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese (MC kʰeiH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kje̞(ː)] ~ [ke̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)/(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource (eumhun 맺을 (maejeul gye))

  1. Hanja form? of (contract, bond; deed; engrave).
  2. Hanja form? of (a Korean rotating savings and credit association).

Compounds

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese (MC kʰet̚).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

Hanja

(eumhun 애쓸 (aesseul gyeol))

  1. (literary) Hanja form? of (to be assiduous; to work hard; to toil).

Compounds

Etymology 3

From Middle Chinese (MC kʰɨt̚).

Historical readings

Hanja

(eumhun 부족 이름 (bujok ireum geul))

  1. (historical) Hanja form? of (a tribe name).

Compounds

Etymology 4

From Middle Chinese (MC set̚).

Historical readings

Hanja

(eumhun 사람 이름 (saram ireum seol))

  1. Hanja form? of (used in personal names).
  2. (historical) Hanja form? of (Xie (ancestor of the kings of the Shang dynasty)).

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
  • Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 23.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: khế, khé, khè, khía, khít, khẻ, khẽ, khịt

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