氣

See also: 气, 気, and 炁
氣 U+6C23, 氣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C23
← 氢
[U+6C22] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 氤 →
[U+6C24]

Translingual
Traditional 氣
Shinjitai 気
Simplified 气

Han character

氣 (Kangxi radical 84, 气+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人弓火木 (ONFD), four-corner 80917, composition ⿹气米)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 599, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17059
  • Dae Jaweon: page 990, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2011, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+6C23

Chinese
trad. 氣
simp. 气*
alternative forms
 
气
炁
𣱛
𣱖
𤽍
气
炁
𣱛
𣱖
𤽍
気
𣅠

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 氣
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (气) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愾 *kʰɯːds, *qʰɯds
忾 *qʰrɯl
刏 *kɯl, *ɡɯl, *kuːls
汽 *kʰɯds
氣 *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds
气 *kʰɯds
忥 *qʰɯds
餼 *qʰɯds
鎎 *qʰɯds
熂 *qʰɯds
霼 *qʰɯds
犔 *qʰɯds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds) : phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic 米 (“rice”) – to give rice as a gift.

Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from 气 (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative 餼 (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).

Pronunciation 1

Note: khùi - vernacular, khì - literary.
Note:
  • ki3 - literary;
  • kui3 - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 氣
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰi³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕʰji²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰi²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /hi⁵³/
Taoyuan /hi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hei³³/
Nanning /hi³³/
Hong Kong /hei³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰi²¹/
/kʰui²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰɛi²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰi³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰi²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /xi³⁵/
/xui³⁵/
Rime
Character 氣
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 微 (20)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 去旣切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰɨiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰɨiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰiəiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰɨjH/
Li
Rong		 /kʰiəiH/
Wang
Li		 /kʰĭəiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰe̯iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 hei3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 氣
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ khjɨjH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.qʰəp-s/
English cloudy vapors

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 氣
Reading # 1/2
No. 10140
Phonetic
component		 气
Rime
group		 隊
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰɯds/

Definitions

氣

  1. air; gas
    天然氣／天然气  ―  tiānránqì  ―  natural gas
    出去透透氣！／出去透透气！  ―  Chūqù tòu tòuqì!  ―  Go out to breathe fresh air!
    輪胎漏氣了。／轮胎漏气了。  ―  Lúntāi lòu qì le.  ―  The tire is leaking gas.
  2. breath (Classifier: 口 m; 股 m; 啖 c)
    喘不過氣來／喘不过气来  ―  chuǎnbùguòqì lái  ―  to be out of breath
    我會戰鬥到最后一口氣。 [MSC, trad.]
    我会战斗到最后一口气。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ huì zhàndòu dào zuìhòu yī kǒu qì. [Pinyin]
    I will fight to my last breath.
  3. (Chinese philosophy, traditional Chinese medicine) qi; vital energy; life force
    元氣／元气  ―  yuánqì  ―  vital energy
    氣虛／气虚  ―  qì xū  ―  to be deficient in vital energy
  4. weather
    天氣／天气  ―  tiānqì  ―  weather
    氣候／气候  ―  qìhòu  ―  climate
  5. smell; odour
    氣味／气味  ―  qìwèi  ―  smell
    滿身酒氣／满身酒气  ―  mǎnshēn jiǔ qì  ―  to have the odor of alcohol all over one's body
  6. anger
    生氣／生气  ―  shēngqì  ―  to get angry
    消消氣／消消气  ―  xiāo xiāoqì  ―  to calm down
  7. to be angry
    我很氣。／我很气。  ―  Wǒ hěn qì.  ―  I'm very angry.
    氣哭了／气哭了  ―  qì kū le  ―  to cry because one was so mad
  8. to make angry; to annoy
    別氣我！／别气我！  ―  Bié qì wǒ!  ―  Don't annoy me!
  9. quality; character; spirit; mettle
    有男人氣／有男人气  ―  yǒu nánrén qì  ―  to be manly
    書生氣／书生气  ―  shūshēng qì  ―  bookishness
  10. vitality; vigor; morale; spirit
    氣概／气概  ―  qìgài  ―  mettle; lofty quality
    一鼓作氣／一鼓作气  ―  yīgǔzuòqì  ―  to accomplish in one vigorous effort
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 生氣 (“to be angry”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 怒
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 生氣
Mandarin Beijing 生氣
Taiwan 生氣
Harbin 生氣
Yantai (Muping) 生氣, 發氣, 發火兒, 惱火, 發毛, 毛火
Jinan 生氣
Luoyang 生氣
Xi'an 生氣, 著氣
Xining 生氣
Ürümqi 生氣, 著氣
Wuhan 慪氣, 慪, 起氣, 氣, 發氣
Chengdu 慪氣, 慪, 生氣, 發氣
Guiyang 生氣, 發氣
Yangzhou 著氣, 見氣
Nanjing 生氣
Hefei 生氣
Singapore 生氣
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 生氣
Cantonese Guangzhou 發嬲, 嬲, 激氣
Hong Kong 發嬲, 嬲, 激氣
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 怒氣, 發火, 谷氣
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 谷氣
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 惱
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 谷氣
Macau 嬲
Guangzhou (Panyu) 嬲
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 嬲
Guangzhou (Conghua) 嬲
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 嬲
Foshan 嬲
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 嬲
Foshan (Shunde) 嬲
Foshan (Sanshui) 發嬲
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 發嬲
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 嬲
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 嬲
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 嬲
Zhuhai (Doumen) 嬲
Jiangmen (Baisha) 嬲
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 嬲
Taishan 嬲
Kaiping (Chikan) 嬲
Enping (Niujiang) 嬲
Heshan (Yayao) 嬲
Dongguan 谷氣
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 嬲
Shaoguan 嬲
Yunfu 嬲
Yangjiang 激氣
Xinyi 嬲
Lianjiang 嬲
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 撞火
Singapore (Guangfu) 嬲
Yangon (Taishan) 嬲
Mandalay (Taishan) 發氣
Gan Nanchang 著氣
Lichuan 發氣, 著氣
Pingxiang 見氣, 發氣
Hakka Meixian 激氣, 閼, 發譴
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 嬲
Dongguan (Qingxi) 閼
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 嬲
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 嬲
Wengyuan 閼
Liannan 發性
Conghua (Lütian) 發嬲
Jiexi 閼
Changting 氣
Wuping (Yanqian) 惱, 發火
Ninghua 生氣
Yudu 發氣
Ningdu 氣
Tonggu (Sandu) 著氣
Ganzhou (Panlong) 著急
Dayu 發火
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 譴, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 譴, 發譴, 受氣
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 閼, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 譴, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 閼, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 氣, 發性, 受氣
Hong Kong 發火
Luchuan 火起
Senai (Huiyang) 嬲
Singapore (Dabu) 生氣
Huizhou Jixi 發響, 見氣
Jin Taiyuan 生氣
Min Bei Jian'ou 燒色, 急
Min Dong Fuzhou 受氣
Min Nan Xiamen 受氣, 起歹面
Xiamen (Tong'an) 受氣
Zhao'an 生氣
Taipei 受氣
New Taipei (Sanxia) 受氣
Kaohsiung 受氣
Yilan 受氣
Changhua (Lukang) 受氣, 惱氣
Taichung 受氣
Tainan 受氣
Hsinchu 受氣
Kinmen 受氣
Penghu (Magong) 受氣
Penang (Hokkien) 起癀
Singapore (Hokkien) 受氣
Manila (Hokkien) 受氣
Chaozhou 生氣, 氣
Shantou 生氣
Jieyang 生氣
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 生氣
Singapore (Teochew) 生氣, 氣, 受氣
Wu Shanghai 生氣, 見氣
Suzhou 動氣, 氣
Danyang 生氣, 見氣
Wenzhou 生氣, 氣, 急
Jinhua 生氣, 見氣
Xiang Changsha 發氣, 見氣, 發脾氣
Shuangfeng 發氣

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (氣):
  • → Japanese: 気(き) (ki)
  • → Korean: 기(氣) (gi)
  • → Vietnamese: khí (氣)

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 氣
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 微 (20)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 許旣切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hɨiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hɨiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xiəiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hɨjH/
Li
Rong		 /xiəiH/
Wang
Li		 /xĭəiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xe̯iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 hei3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 氣
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xjɨjH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰət-s/
English to present food

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 氣
Reading # 2/2
No. 10143
Phonetic
component		 气
Rime
group		 隊
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰɯds/
Notes 後作餼

Definitions

氣

  1. † Original form of 餼／饩 (xì, “to give food as a gift”).

Compounds
Derived terms from 氣

References

Japanese

Shinjitai

 気

Kyūjitai

 氣

Kanji
氣

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 気)

Readings
  • Go-on: け (ke)
  • Kan-on: き (ki)
  • Kun: いき (iki, 氣)

Usage notes

Not used in modern Japanese. Replaced by the shinjitai form 気.

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 氣 (MC kʰɨiH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448킝〮 (Yale: khúy)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527긔〮운〮 (Yale: kúywún)ᄭᅴ〮 (Yale: skúy)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 氣 (eumhun 기운 기 (giun gi))

  1. Hanja form? of 기 (“energy, aura, vitality, vigour”). [noun]

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

氣: Hán Nôm readings: khí

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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