永

Stroke order

永 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 戈弓水 (INE), four-corner 3023₂, composition ⿱丶⿲㇇𠃌⿺㇏丿)

• 𠇟, 𫥆, 咏, 𪣉, 𡛻, 怺, 𢫕, 泳, 昹, 栐, 𪸠, 𤤯, 脉, 𬨣, 眿, 𣴏, 𬗊, 𦕟, 𦨬, 䘑, 𠶇, 詠, 𮛕, 𮝊, 𨠕, 𨥭, 𩊍, 𩖻, 𩈗, 𦘢, 𩶙, 𫴇
• 𣲈, 𠰦, 𢒋, 昶, 𪵵, 𬐔, 𦨤, 𧠧, 𬇾, 𬱁, 𭯼, 𧵕, 𦭔, 㫤, 羕, 𣼁

• KangXi: page 603, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17088
• Dae Jaweon: page 996, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1546, character 3
• Unihan data for U+6C38

Uncertain.

• STEDT compares 永 (OC *ɢʷraŋʔ) to provisional Proto-Lolo-Burmese meso-root *ʔ-m(y)aŋ¹/³;
• Bodman (1980) derived 永 (OC *ɢʷraŋʔ) from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *wrjaŋ & considered it cognate with Lepcha hryăn as well as Tibetan རྒྱོང་བ (rgyong ba, “to extend; to stretch”) and རྒྱང་མ (rgyang ma, “distance”);
• Schuessler (2007) considered to be unclear any connection with 泂 (OC *ɡʷeːŋʔ) and Tibetan རིང (ring, “to be tall, long”), Western Tamang rehng pā (“to be long”), Burmese ရှည် (hrany, “to be long”), (all from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(i/u)ŋ (“to be long, to elongate”)) & Proto-Loloish *s/m-riŋ (“long (adv.)”); so Schuessler compared 永 (OC *ɢʷraŋʔ) to Khmer វែង (vɛɛng, “long”) and Khmer បង្វែង (bɑngvaeng, “to prolong, divert, mislead, deceive”) (both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *waiŋ (“long”)).

永

1. perpetual; eternal; permanent; forever

   • 投我以木李、報之以瓊玖。匪報也、永以為好也。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     投我以木李、报之以琼玖。匪报也、永以为好也。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Tóu wǒ yǐ mùlǐ, bào zhī yǐ qióngjiǔ. Fěi bào yě, yǒng yǐ wèi hǎo yě. [Pinyin]

     There was presented to me a plum, and I returned for it a beautiful jiu gem; not as a return for it, but that our friendship might be lasting.

2. long (space or time)

   • 漢之廣矣、不可泳思。江之永矣、不可方思。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     汉之广矣、不可泳思。江之永矣、不可方思。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Hàn zhī guǎng yǐ, bùkě yǒng sī. Jiāng zhī yǒng yǐ, bùkě fāng sī. [Pinyin]

     The breath of the Han [river] cannot be dived across; the length of the Jiang [river] cannot be navigated with a raft.

3. to prolong; to lengthen

   • 皎皎白駒、食我場苗。縶之維之、以永今朝。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     皎皎白驹、食我场苗。絷之维之、以永今朝。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Jiǎojiǎo báijū, shí wǒ chǎng miáo. Zhí zhī wéi zhī, yǐ yǒng jīncháo. [Pinyin]

     Let the brilliant white colt feed on the young growth of my vegetable garden. Tether it by the foot, tie it by the collar, to prolong this morning.

4. 53rd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "eternity" (𝌺)
5. a surname

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. eternity
2. long
3. lengthy

• Go-on: よう (yō)^{←やう (yau, historical)←ゐやう (wyau, ancient)}
• Kan-on: えい (ei, Jōyō)^{←えい (ei, historical)←ゑい (wei, ancient)}
• Kun: ながい (nagai, 永い, Jōyō); とこしえ (tokoshie, 永)^{←とこしへ (tokosife, とこしへ, historical)}
• Nanori: え (e); と (to); のり (nori); ひさ (hisa); ひさし (hisashi); のえ (noe)

• 久

From Middle Chinese 永 (MC ɦˠwiæŋ^X).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

• (Tokyo) え​ー [éꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [e̞ː]

永(えい) • (ei) 

1. long (time)
2. perpetual; eternal

永(えい) • (ei) 

1. (historical) Abbreviation of 永楽銭 (eirakusen).
2. (historical) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

From Middle Chinese 永 (MC ɦˠwiæŋ^X).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

• IPA^(key): [jo̞ː]

永(よう) • (yō) ^{←やう (yau)?}

1. (rare) Synonym of 永 (ei, “long (time), eternal”)

(The following entry is uncreated: なが.)

永 (eumhun 길 영 (gil yeong))

1. Hanja form^? of 영 (“long, deep, forever”).

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 永

永: Hán Việt readings: vĩnh
永: Nôm readings: vắng, vẳng, vánh, vảnh, vênh, vểnh, viếng, vĩnh

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.