啉

啉	U+5549, 啉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5549

← 啈
[U+5548]

CJK Unified Ideographs

啊 →
[U+554A]

Translingual

Han character

啉 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口木木 (RDD), four-corner 6409, composition ⿰口林)

Derived characters

𪢇

References

KangXi: page 195, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3806
Dae Jaweon: page 416, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 637, character 7
Unihan data for U+5549

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (林) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
婪	*ɡ·ruːm
惏	*ɡ·ruːm
啉	*ɡ·ruːm
漤	*ɡ·ruːmʔ
醂	*ɡ·ruːmʔ
林	*ɡ·rɯm
琳	*ɡ·rɯm
淋	ɡ·rɯm, ɡ·rɯms
痳	*ɡ·rɯm
箖	*ɡ·rɯm
霖	*ɡ·rɯm
菻	ɡ·rɯmʔ, ɡ·rɯms
罧	slɯmʔ, srɯms
棽	r̥ʰɯm, srɯm
綝	*r̥ʰɯm
郴	*r̥ʰɯm
禁	krɯm, krɯms
襟	*krɯm
僸	krɯms, ŋɡrɯmʔ
澿	*ɡrɯm
噤	ɡrɯmʔ, ɡrɯms
凚	ɡrɯmʔ, ɡrɯms
齽	*ɡrɯms

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·ruːm) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 林 (OC *ɡ·rɯm).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		啉
alternative forms		𠵂飲／饮 dialectal 啿 Teochew

Related to Thai ดื่ม (dʉ̀ʉm, “to drink”) (Schuessler, 2007).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lán (lan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): laam⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lîm
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lim / lâm

(Teochew, Peng'im): lim¹ / nim¹ / ning¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lán
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lán
  - Wade–Giles: lan²
  - Yale: lán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lan
  - Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /län³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: laam⁴
  - Yale: làahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: laam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lam⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːm²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lîm
  - Hakka Romanization System: lim´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /lim²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lim
  - Tâi-lô: lim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lym
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /lim³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâm
  - Tâi-lô: lâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: laam
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /lam²⁴/

Note:

lim - vernacular;
lâm - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lim¹ / nim¹ / ning¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lim / nim / ning
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lim³³/, /nim³³/, /niŋ³³/

Note:

lim1 - Chaozou, Shantou;
nim1 - Jieyang;
ning1 - Chenghai.

Middle Chinese: /lʌm/

Rime
Character	啉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧含切
Baxter	lom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/ləm/
Shao Rongfen	/lɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ləm/
Li Rong	/lᴀm/
Wang Li	/lɒm/
Bernard Karlgren	/lăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	laam⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·ruːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啉
Reading #	1/1
No.	8162
Phonetic component	林
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	婪
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·ruːm/

Definitions

啉

^‡ to pour a round of alcoholic drink
^‡ to finish drinking
(Hakka, Min Nan) to drink
你欲啉茶抑是咖啡？ [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad. and simp.]
Lí beh lim tê ia̍h-sī ka-pi? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
Do you want to drink tea or coffee?
(Hokkien) to drink alcohol

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 喝 (“to drink”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		飲
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		喝
Mandarin	Beijing	喝
	Taiwan	喝
	Harbin	喝
	Yantai (Muping)	喝
	Jinan	喝
	Luoyang	喝
	Wanrong	喝
	Xi'an	喝
	Yinchuan	喝
	Lanzhou	喝
	Xining	喝
	Ürümqi	喝
	Wuhan	喝, 呵, 汩
	Chengdu	吃, 喝
	Guiyang	吃, 喝, 汩
	Guilin	喝
	Liuzhou	吃, 喝
	Xuzhou	喝, 吃
	Yangzhou	吃, 喝
	Nanjing	吃, 喝
	Hefei	喝
	Malaysia	喝
	Singapore	喝
	Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	喝
Cantonese	Guangzhou	飲, 呷
	Hong Kong	飲, 呷
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	飲
	Macau	飲
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	飲
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	飲
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	飲
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	飲
	Foshan	飲
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	飲
	Foshan (Shunde)	飲
	Foshan (Sanshui)	飲
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	飲
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	飲
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	飲
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	飲
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	飲
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	飲
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	飲
	Taishan	飲
	Kaiping (Chikan)	飲
	Enping (Niujiang)	飲
	Heshan (Yayao)	飲
	Dongguan	飲, 食₁, 呷
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	飲
	Yangjiang	呷, 吃
	Wuzhou	飲
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	吃
	Hepu (Shatian)	飲
	Qinzhou	飲
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	飲
	Beihai	食₁
	Beihai (Nankang)	飲
	Beihai (Yingpan)	飲
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	飲
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	飲
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	飲, 食₁
	Danzhou	吃
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	飲
	Penang (Guangfu)	飲
	Singapore (Guangfu)	飲
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	飲
	Móng Cái	飲
Gan	Nanchang	吃
	Lichuan	吃
	Pingxiang	吃
Hakka	Meixian	食₁, 啉, 飲, 啜
	Xingning	食₁
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	飲
	Huiyang	食₁
	Huidong (Daling)	食₁
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	食₁
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	食₁
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	食₁, 飲
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	食₁
	Wuhua (Meilin)	食₁
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	食₁
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	食₁
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	食₁
	Conghua (Lütian)	飲
	Jiexi	食₁
	Changting	食₁
	Wuping	食₁
	Wuping (Pingyu)	食₁
	Liancheng	食₁
	Ninghua	食₁
	Yudu	食₁
	Ruijin	食₁
	Shicheng	食₁
	Shangyou (Shexi)	食₁
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	食₁, 啉, 飲
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	食₁, 啉, 飲
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	食₁, 啉, 飲
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	食₁, 啉, 飲
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	食₁, 啉, 飲
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	啉, 食₁
	Hong Kong	食₁
	Luchuan	食₁
	Kuching (Hepo)	食₁, 飲, 啉
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	食₁
Huizhou	Jixi	吃
Jin	Taiyuan	喝
Jin	Xinzhou	喝
Min Bei	Jian'ou	啜, 饁
Min Dong	Fuzhou	啜, 食₃
	Singapore (Fuqing)	食₃
	Sitiawan (Gutian)	食₃
Min Nan	Xiamen	啉, 食₃, 哈 alcohol, 啜 usually soup
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	啉
	Quanzhou	啉, 食₃, 哈 alcohol, 啜 usually soup
	Jinjiang	啉
	Zhangzhou	啉, 食₃, 啜 usually soup
	Zhao'an	食₃, 啉
	Taipei	啉
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	啉
	Kaohsiung	啉
	Yilan	啉, 哈, 食₃
	Changhua (Lukang)	啉
	Taichung	啉
	Tainan	啉, 哈, 食₃, 灌
	Hsinchu	啉, 哈
	Kinmen	啉
	Penghu (Magong)	食₃, 啉
	Penang (Hokkien)	啉
	Singapore (Hokkien)	啉
	Manila (Hokkien)	啉
	Medan (Hokkien)	啉
	Chaozhou	食₃, 啉
	Shantou	食₃, 啉
	Shantou (Chenghai)	食₃, 啉
	Jieyang	食₃, 啉
	Haifeng	食₃
	Singapore (Teochew)	食₃
	Pontianak (Teochew)	食₃, 啉
	Leizhou	啜, 食₃
	Wenchang	啜, 食₃
	Haikou	啜, 食₃
	Qionghai	啜, 食₃
	Singapore (Hainanese)	食₃, 啜
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	飲
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	飲
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	飲, 吃, 呷
Wu	Shanghai	吃, 呷, 呼
	Shanghai (Chongming)	吃
	Suzhou	吃, 呷, 呼
	Danyang	吃
	Hangzhou	吃
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	吃
	Ningbo	吃
	Wenzhou	呷, 吃
	Jinhua	吃, 呷
Xiang	Changsha	吃
	Loudi	吃
	Shuangfeng	吃, 呵

Compounds

啉酒醉
啉食

食啉𨑨
啉湯／啉汤

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 啉 – see 婪 (“to covet; to be avaricious; to be greedy”). (This character, 啉, is recorded in one or more historical dictionaries as a variant form of 婪.)

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		啉
alternative forms		𠵂

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lán (lan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): laam⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lán
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lán
  - Wade–Giles: lan²
  - Yale: lán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lan
  - Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /län³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: laam⁴
  - Yale: làahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: laam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lam⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːm²¹/

Middle Chinese: /lʌm/

Rime
Character	啉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧含切
Baxter	lom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/ləm/
Shao Rongfen	/lɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ləm/
Li Rong	/lᴀm/
Wang Li	/lɒm/
Bernard Karlgren	/lăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	laam⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·ruːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啉
Reading #	1/1
No.	8162
Phonetic component	林
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	婪
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·ruːm/

Definitions

啉

^‡ to be clamorous; to be noisy

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.		啉
alternative forms		𠵂

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lìn, làn, lèn (lin⁴, lan⁴, len⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˋ, ㄌㄢˋ, ㄌㄣˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lìn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lìn
  - Wade–Giles: lin⁴
  - Yale: lìn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linn
  - Palladius: линь (linʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: làn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: làn
  - Wade–Giles: lan⁴
  - Yale: làn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lann
  - Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /län⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lèn
  - Wade–Giles: lên⁴
  - Yale: lèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lenn
  - Palladius: лэнь (lɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lən⁵¹/

Definitions

啉

^† stupid
- 足下其實啉，休裝㖔。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  足下其实啉，休装㖔。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wang Shifu, The Story of the Western Wing, 13^th – 14^th centuries CE
  Zúxià qíshí lìn, xiū zhuāng tǔn. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Etymology 5

simp. and trad.		啉

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lín (lin²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lam⁴
Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): lim⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lín
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lín
  - Wade–Giles: lin²
  - Yale: lín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lin
  - Palladius: линь (linʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lam⁴
  - Yale: làhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lem⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐm²¹/
Min Nan
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lim⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lîm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lim⁵⁵/

Definitions

啉

Used in transcription, especially of chemical names.

Compounds

卟啉 (bǔlín)
咔啉 (kǎlín)
咕啉 (gūlín)

喹唑啉 (kuízuòlín)
喹啉 (kuílín)
喹喔啉 (kuí'ōlín)

噌啉 (cēnglín)
嗎啉／吗啉 (mǎlín)

References

“Entry #7042”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

啉

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: らん (ran), りん (rin)
Kan-on: らん (ran), りん (rin)
Kun: かまびすしい (kamabisushii), むさぼる (musaboru)

Korean

Hanja

啉 • (ram) (hangeul 람, revised ram, McCune–Reischauer ram)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

啉: Hán Việt readings: lam, lâm
啉: Nôm readings: lâm, lùm, lăm, lảm, lầm, lẩm, lằm, rầm, rắm, rởm, trăm

Nôm form of rởm (“grotesque; ludicrous; ridiculous”).
Nôm form of trăm (“hundred”).

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