短

短 U+77ED, 短
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77ED
← 矬
[U+77EC]
CJK Unified Ideographs 矮 →
[U+77EE]

Translingual

Stroke order
12 strokes

Han character

短 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人大一口廿 (OKMRT), four-corner 81418, composition ⿰矢豆)

Derived characters

  • 𢵦, 𬑵, 𫏰, 𥐆, 𥐋, 𥐇, 𥐍, 𧸒, 𥐏, 𪿏, 𬑸, 𥐐, 𥐔, 𬑶, 𥐒, 𥐉

References

  • KangXi: page 824, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23978
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1237, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2584, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+77ED

Chinese

simp. and trad.
短
2nd round simp. 𰦓
alternative forms 𠭴 Min Nan

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *toːnʔ) : semantic 矢 + phonetic 豆 (OC *doːs).

Etymology

The Proto-Min reconstructed form is *toiᴮ (Bodman, 1980). The relationship of this to the -n forms in other dialects is unclear and two theories exist:

  • Old Chinese *tˤorʔ divergently developed into (1) *toj in southeastern China, and (2) *ton elsewhere (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Compare also:
    • 端 (OC *tˤor) vs 瑞 (OC *[d]or-s)
    • 算 (OC *[s]ˤorʔ-s)
    • 卵 (OC *k.rˤorʔ).
  • Proto-Min may represent the original Old Chinese form, and the forms in other Chinese varieties are due to confusion with 斷 (OC *toːnʔ, *toːns, *doːnʔ, “to cut”) (Schuessler, 2007).

STEDT sets up two roots for this: Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(j)u(ŋ/n) (“short”), whence Burmese တောင်း (taung:, “short (as in garment)”), and *dəw (“short”), whence Burmese တို (tui, “short”), Mizo tawi (“short”).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • dōi - colloquial (“short (of distance)”);
  • duāng - literary (“short; deficient; shortcoming”).
Note:
  • té/tér - colloquial;
  • toán - literary.

Rime
Character 短
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都管切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tuɑnX/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʷɑnX/
Shao
Rongfen
/tuɑnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/twanX/
Li
Rong
/tuɑnX/
Wang
Li
/tuɑnX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tuɑnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
duǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
dyun2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 短
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
duǎn
Middle
Chinese
‹ twanX ›
Old
Chinese
/*tˁorʔ/
English short

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 短
Reading # 1/1
No. 2480
Phonetic
component
豆
Rime
group
元
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
短
Old
Chinese
/*toːnʔ/

Definitions

短

  1. short (of distance)
    Antonym: 長/长 (cháng)
  2. short (of time); brief
  3. (literary or Wu) short (in stature)
  4. deficient; lacking
  5. weakness; shortcoming; mistake

Synonyms

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

短

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. short, brief

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
短
たん
Grade: 3
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 短 (twanX, “short”).

Pronunciation

Noun

短(たん) • (tan) 

  1. fault, weak point
  2. (music) minor

Antonyms

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

短 (eumhun 짧을 단 (jjalbeul dan))

  1. Hanja form? of 단 (“short”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

短: Hán Nôm readings: đoản, đuỗn, ngắn, vắn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.