萬

See also: 万
萬 U+842C, 萬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-842C
← 萫
[U+842B]
CJK Unified Ideographs 萭 →
[U+842D]

Translingual

Japanese 万
Simplified 万
Traditional 萬

Han character

萬 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿田中月 (TWLB), four-corner 44427, composition ⿱艹禺)

Derived characters

Further reading

  • KangXi: page 1042, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31339
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1501, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3247, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+842C

Chinese

trad. 萬
simp. 万*
alternative forms
 
㸘
𤍚
𢁭
𥝄
𥝅
㸘
𤍚
𢁭
𥝄
𥝅
𬺳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 萬
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – scorpion. This character's original meaning has been lost, and the derivative 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds) refers to the original word.

Etymology

“scorpion”
See 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds).
“religious dance; sorcery”
Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-man (“medicine”). Compare Tibetan སྨན (sman, “medicine; she-demons worshipped by common folk”), Burmese မန်း (man:, “utter mystic words to heal or ward off evil”).
“myriad; ten thousand”
Schuessler (2007) considers the etymology of this sense Sino-Tibetan and compares it with Tibetan འབུམ ('bum, “hundred thousand; complete; entire; multifarious”). Similar words are found in branches of Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, Korean, and Tocharian; here they are treated as very old loanwords from Chinese, per Pulleyblank (apud Clauson, 1972), Beckwith (2009), Adams (2013) and Tremblay (2005).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • bhuêng7 - Chaozhou;
  • bhuang7 - Shantou.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: 3me; 3ve
      • Sinological IPA (key): /me̞²³/, /v̥e̞²³/
Note:
  • 3me - colloquial (only in 萬子);
  • 3ve - literary ("ten thousand", etc.).

Rime
Character 萬
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 無販切
Baxter mjwonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/mʉɐnH/
Pan
Wuyun
/mʷiɐnH/
Shao
Rongfen
/miuɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/muanH/
Li
Rong
/miuɐnH/
Wang
Li
/mĭwɐnH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/mi̯wɐnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
wàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
maan6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 萬
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
wàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ mjonH ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.ma[n]-s/
English 10000

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 萬
Reading # 1/1
No. 12633
Phonetic
component
萬
Rime
group
元
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
万
Old
Chinese
/*mlans/

Definitions

萬

  1. (obsolete) Original form of 蠆/虿 (chài, “scorpion”).
  2. (historical) A ritual dance in ancient China.
  3. myriad, ten thousand, 10000
    兩萬元/两万元  ―  liǎng wàn yuán  ―  twenty thousand dollars
    一百萬/一百万  ―  yībǎi wàn  ―  one million
    四萬萬同胞/四万万同胞  ―  sì wàn wàn tóngbāo  ―  four hundred million compatriots
    萬歲/万岁  ―  wànsuì  ―  ten thousand years; hooray; long live
  4. (figurative) a great number; myriad; numerous
    萬眾一心/万众一心  ―  wànzhòngyīxīn  ―  all united
    排除萬難/排除万难  ―  páichúwànnán  ―  to remove all difficulties
  5. very; extremely; absolutely
    萬不得已/万不得已  ―  wànbùdéyǐ  ―  out of absolute necessity; with no other choice
  6. a surname

See also

Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
Normal
(小寫/小写)
〇, 零 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬/万
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)
億/亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億/万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫/大写)
零 壹 貳/贰 參/叁 肆 伍 陸/陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (萬):
  • → Japanese: 万(まん) (man, “ten thousand”); 万(ばん) (ban)
  • → Korean: 만(萬) (man, “ten thousand”)
  • → Vietnamese: vạn (萬, “ten thousand”)

Others:

  • → Bouyei: faanh (“ten thousand”), Wanq (surname)
  • → Proto-Hmong: *wi̯aŋꟲ (“ten thousand”)
  • → Kavalan: ban (“ten thousand”)
  • → Khmer: ម៉ឺន (məɨn), ហ្មឺន (məɨn, “ten thousand; official rank”)
  • → Lao: ໝື່ນ (mư̄n), ຫມື່ນ (mư̄n, “ten thousand; official rank”)
  • → Middle Korean: 즈믄 (cumun, “thousand”)
  • → Middle Mongol: ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ (tümen, “ten thousand”)
    • → English: tumen (“an army unit of 10,000 soldiers, among the ancient Mongols”)
    • Khalkha Mongolian: ᠲᠦᠮᠡ (tüme) / түм (tüm)
    • → Persian: تومان‎ (tumân)
      • → English: toman (“former currency of Iran”)
    • → Russian: Тюмень (Tjumenʹ, “Tyumen”)
      • → English: Tyumen (“city in Russia”)
  • → Shan: မိုၼ်ႇ (mùen, “ten thousand”)
  • → Thai: หมื่น (mʉ̀ʉn, “ten thousand; official rank”)
  • → Proto-Tocharian:
    • Tocharian A: tmāṃ (“ten thousand”)
    • Tocharian B: t(u)māne (“ten thousand, a myriad”)
  • → Proto-Tungusic:
  • → Proto-Turkic: *Tümen (“ten thousand; an infinitely large number”)
    • Turkish: tümen (“ten thousand”)
  • → Vietnamese: muôn (𨷈, “ten thousand; all, many”), man (“ten thousand”)
  • → Zhuang: fanh (“ten thousand”)

References

Japanese

Shinjitai

万

Kyūjitai

萬

Kanji

萬

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 万)

  1. ten thousand

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
萬
よろず
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

⟨yo2ro2du⟩ → */jərədu/ → /jorod͡zu/ → /jorozu/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE). See 万 for more senses.

Proper noun

萬(よろず) • (Yorozu) ←よろづ (yorodu)?

  1. a surname

萬(よろづ) • (Yorozu) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
萬
ばん
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mʉɐnH). See 万 for more senses.

Proper noun

萬(ばん) • (Ban) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
萬
まん
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Likely a shift from ban above. See 万 for more senses.

Proper noun

萬(まん) • (Man) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

References

    Korean

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mʉɐnH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448먼〮 (Yale: mén)
    Middle Korean
    TextEumhun
    Gloss (hun)Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527일〮만〯 (Yale: íl-mǎn)만〯 (Yale: mǎn)

    Pronunciation

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ma̠(ː)n]
    • Phonetic hangul: [만(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

    Wikisource 萬 (eumhun 일만(一萬) 만 (ilman man))

    1. Hanja form? of 만 (“ten thousand”).
    2. Hanja form? of 만 (“myriad”).

    Compounds

    References

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    萬: Hán Việt readings: vạn, muôn
    萬: Nôm readings: vạn, vàn, mại, vẹn, muôn

    Noun

    萬

    1. chữ Hán form of vạn, muôn (“ten thousand”).

    Derived terms

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