百

See also: 佰, 白, and 𦣻
百 U+767E, 百
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-767E
← 白
[U+767D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 癿 →
[U+767F]

Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

百 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+1, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一日 (MA), four-corner 10600, composition ⿱一白 or ⿱丆日)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 785, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22679
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1199, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2643, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+767E

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 百
alternative forms 佰 financial
𦣻 archaic

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 百
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
怕 *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
帕 *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
粕 *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
胉 *pʰaːɡ
泊 *baːɡ
箔 *baːɡ
魄 *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
皕 *prɯɡ
伯 *praːɡ
百 *praːɡ
迫 *praːɡ
敀 *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
柏 *praːɡ
湐 *praːɡ
拍 *pʰraːɡ
珀 *pʰraːɡ
皛 *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
洦 *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
白 *braːɡ
帛 *braːɡ
舶 *braːɡ
鮊 *braːɡ
陌 *mbraːɡ
帞 *mbraːɡ
袹 *mbraːɡ
蛨 *mbraːɡ
貊 *mbraːɡ
佰 *mbraːɡ
銆 *mbraːɡ
碧 *praɡ, *preɡ
咟 *ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 一 + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gja.

Pronunciation

Note: bó - used in 百色.
Note:
  • bak1 - used as a standalone number;
  • bak2 - used in some compounds (e.g. 百貨).
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: bah6 / bet6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /paʔ⁵/, /pɛt̚⁵/
Note:
  • bah6 - vernacular;
  • bet6 - literary (e.g. 百貨).
Note:
  • báh - vernacular (“hundred”);
  • báik - literary (“numerous”).
Note:
  • pah/peeh - vernacular;
  • peh/peeh - vernacular (limited, e.g. 百姓);
  • pek/piak - literary.
Rime
Character 百
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 庚 (113)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 博陌切
Baxter paek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pˠæk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pᵚak̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /pak̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /paɨjk̚/
Li
Rong		 /pɐk̚/
Wang
Li		 /pɐk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pɐk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 bak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 百
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bǎi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pæk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pˁrak/
English hundred

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 百
Reading # 1/1
No. 194
Phonetic
component		 白
Rime
group		 鐸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 伯
Old
Chinese		 /*praːɡ/

Definitions

百

  1. hundred
    四百  ―  sì bǎi  ―  four hundred
    長命百歲／长命百岁  ―  chángmìngbǎisuì  ―  to live to be a hundred
  2. numerous; countless
    千方百計／千方百计  ―  qiānfāngbǎijì  ―  by every conceivable means
  3. every; all
  4. a surname: Bai; Baak; Bak

Synonyms
  • (numerous):
Synonyms of 百

See also
Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
Normal
(小寫／小写)		 〇, 零 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)		 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写)		 零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Compounds
Derived terms from 百

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (百):
  • → Japanese: 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
  • → Korean: 백(百) (baek)
  • → Vietnamese: bách (百)

Others:

  • → Ai-Cham: pek⁷
  • → Lao: ປາກ (pāk)
  • → Lü: ᦔᦱᧅ (ṗaak)
  • → Shan: ပၢၵ်ႇ (pàak)
  • → Southern Kam: begs
  • → Zhuang: bak
  • → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *pæk
    • Iu Mien: baeqv
    • Western Xiangxi Miao: bat
    • White Hmong: pua

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji
百

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
百
ひゃく
Grade: 1
goon

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 百 (MC pˠæk̚, literally “hundred”).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ひゃく​ [hyàkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ça̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

百(ひゃく) • (hyaku) 

  1. hundred
  2. a very many, lots, a lot
  3. one hundred years old, advanced age
Usage notes

This is the most common term for hundred in modern Japanese.

Idioms
Idioms
  • 百(ひゃく)に一(ひと)つ (hyaku ni hitotsu): “one in a hundred” → something rare or unusual
  • 百(ひゃく)も承(しょう)知(ち) (hyaku mo shōchi): “awareness of the hundred” → the state of being fully aware of something
Derived terms
Derived terms
Japanese numerical compounds with 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Hundreds of
百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)		 二(に)百(ひゃく) (nihyaku) 三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku) 四(よん)百(ひゃく) (yonhyaku) 五(ご)百(ひゃく) (gohyaku) 六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 七(なな)百(ひゃく) (nanahyaku) 八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku) 九(きゅう)百(ひゃく) (kyūhyaku)
九(く)百(ひゃく) (kuhyaku)		 何(なん)百(びゃく) (nanbyaku)
数(すう)百(ひゃく) (sūhyaku)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
百
もも
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/mo1mo1/ → /momo/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Noun

百(もも) • (momo) 

  1. (archaic) hundred
  2. (archaic) a very many
Usage notes

While the ho or o readings are only used in compounds, momo can be used on its own.[2]

Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases or compounds.

Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
百
ほ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ho̞]

Noun

百(ほ) • (ho) 

  1. (obsolete) hundred
  2. (obsolete) a very many
Usage notes

While the momo reading can be used as a standalone term, ho is only used in compounds, where it has lost the initial consonant and appears instead as o.

Obsolete. Superseded by o (see below).

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
百
お
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/ → /o/

From Old Japanese. Change in pronunciation from ho (see above).[2]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [o̞]

Noun

百(お) • (o) ←ほ (fo)?

  1. (archaic) hundred
  2. (archaic) a very many
Usage notes

While the momo reading can be used as a standalone term, o is only used in compounds. This o was previously pronounced ho, from ancient po (see above). Generally only used in reference to multiple hundreds of things, as in terms 五百 (io, “five hundred; a very many”) or 八百 (yao, “eight hundred; a very many”).[2]

Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases and compounds.

Derived terms
Derived terms

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean
Korean numbers (edit)
 ←  10  ←  90 100 1,000  →  100,000  → 
10
    Sino-Korean: 백 (baek)
    Hanja: 百

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 百 (MC pˠæk̚).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᄇᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: póyk)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527온〮 (Yale: wón)ᄇᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: póyk)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 百 (eumhun 일백(一百) 백 (ilbaek baek))

  1. Hanja form? of 백 (“hundred”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

百: Hán Việt readings: bách (博(bác)陌(mạch)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], bá[2][3][4]
百: Nôm readings: bách[2][3][4][5][6], bá[2][7][4][5][6], trăm[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of bách (“hundred”).

Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. Hồ (1976).
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