逼

逼	U+903C, 逼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-903C

← 逻
[U+903B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

逽 →
[U+903D]

Translingual

Han character

逼 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜一口田 (YMRW), four-corner 3130₆, composition ⿺辶畐)

Derived characters

𮕂

References

KangXi: page 1260, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38973
Dae Jaweon: page 1750, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3856, character 8
Unihan data for U+903C

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 逼
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (畐) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
富	*pɯɡs
輻	pɯɡs, pɯɡ
副	pʰɯɡs, pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ
褔	*pʰɯɡs
蔔	*bɯːɡ
匐	bɯːɡ, bɯɡ
逼	*prɯɡ
偪	prɯɡ, pɯɡ
幅	prɯɡ, pɯɡ
楅	prɯɡ, pɯɡ
湢	*prɯɡ
堛	*pʰrɯɡ
愊	*pʰrɯɡ
踾	pʰrɯɡ, brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
揊	*pʰrɯɡ
稫	*pʰrɯɡ
畐	pʰrɯɡ, bɯɡ
疈	*pʰrɯɡ
腷	*brɯɡ
鶝	brɯɡ, pɯɡ
福	*pɯɡ
蝠	*pɯɡ
葍	*pɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *prɯɡ) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ).

Etymology 1

trad.		逼
simp. ^#		逼

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): bī, bì (bi¹, bi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧ, ㄅㄧˋ

(Chengdu, SP): bie¹ / bi² / bi¹

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): би (bi, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bik¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): bet²
Gan (Wiktionary): bit⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pit / pet

(Meixian, Guangdong): bid⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): bieh⁴
Min Bei (KCR): bĭ
Min Dong (BUC): bék
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): pek / piak

(Teochew, Peng'im): bêg⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): ⁴piq
Xiang (Wiktionary): bi⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bī
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bi
  - Wade–Giles: pi¹
  - Yale: bī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bi
  - Palladius: би (bi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bì
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bì
  - Wade–Giles: pi⁴
  - Yale: bì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
  - Palladius: би (bi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: bie¹ / bi² / bi¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bie / bi / bi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piɛ⁵⁵/, /pi²¹/, /pi⁵⁵/

Note:

bie1 - vernacular;
bi2, bi1 - literary.

- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: би (bi, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bik¹
  - Yale: bīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: big¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɪk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: bet²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pet̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: bit⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pit̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pit / pet
  - Hakka Romanization System: bid` / bed`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bid⁵ / bed⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pit̚²/, /pet̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: bid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pit̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: bieh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /piəʔ²/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛiʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek
  - Tâi-lô: pik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /piɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piak
  - Tâi-lô: piak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piag
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /piak̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pek̚²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ⁴piq
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: bi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 逼
Mandarin	Beijing	/pi⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/pi²⁴/
	Tianjin	/pi²¹/
	Jinan	/pi⁴²/
	Qingdao	/pi⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/pi⁴²/
	Xi'an	/pi²¹/
	Xining	/pji⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/pi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/pi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/pi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/pi²¹³/
	Chengdu	/pi³¹/ /pi⁵⁵/ /pie⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/pi²¹/
	Kunming	/pi³¹/
	Nanjing	/piʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/piəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/piəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/piʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/piəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/piɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/piəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/piəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/pi²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/piʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/pi⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/pi²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/pi³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/piʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/pit̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/pet̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pek̚⁵/
	Nanning	/pek̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/pik̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/pik̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/pɛiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/pi²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/pek̚²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ʔbek̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: /pɨk̚/

Rime
Character	逼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	蒸 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	彼側切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/piek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pik̚/
Li Rong	/piək̚/
Wang Li	/pĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*prək/

(Zhengzhang): /*prɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	逼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bī
Middle Chinese	‹ pik ›
Old Chinese	/*prək/
English	urge, press
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	逼
Reading #	1/1
No.	3378
Phonetic component	畐
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	逼
Old Chinese	/*prɯɡ/

Definitions

逼

to compel; to pressure; to force
被逼瘋／被逼疯 ― bèi bī fēng ― to be driven mad

我媽逼我學鋼琴。／我妈逼我学钢琴。 ― Wǒ mā bī wǒ xué gāngqín. ― My mom forced me to learn the piano.
to press for; to extort
逼供 ― bīgōng ― to force a confession
to approach; to press on
(literary) narrow
(Cantonese) crowded; packed

Synonyms

(to compel):

edit

劫 (jié) (literary, or in compounds)
迫 (pò)
迫使 (pòshǐ)

逼迫 (bīpò)
強制／强制 (qiángzhì)
強迫／强迫 (qiǎngpò)

強逼／强逼 (qiǎngbī)
緊逼／紧逼 (jǐnbī)
脅迫／胁迫 (xiépò)

Compounds

催逼 (cuībī)
勒逼
咄咄逼人 (duōduōbīrén)
威逼 (wēibī)
官逼民反 (guānbīmínfǎn)
忙逼
打得逼直
拶逼
相逼 (xiāngbī)
立逼
精彩逼人
苦苦相逼
追逼
逼不得已
逼人 (bīrén)
逼人太甚
逼仄 (bīzè)
逼使
逼供 (bīgòng)
逼促

逼勒 (bīlè)
逼匝
逼和 (bīhé)
逼死 (bīsǐ)
逼直
逼真 (bīzhēn)
逼肖 (bīxiào)
逼近 (bījìn)
逼迫 (bīpò)
逼遣
凌逼
逼上梁山 (bīshàngliángshān)
乾逼／干逼
內逼／内逼
威逼利誘／威逼利诱 (wēibīlìyòu)
富貴逼人／富贵逼人
寒氣逼人／寒气逼人
強逼／强逼 (qiǎngbī)
脅逼／胁逼
臨逼／临逼

英氣逼人／英气逼人
著著進逼／著著进逼
進逼／进逼 (jìnbī)
逼併／逼并
逼側／逼侧
逼債／逼债 (bīzhài)
逼問／逼问 (bīwèn)
逼宮／逼宫 (bīgōng)
逼手逼腳／逼手逼脚
逼殺／逼杀 (bīshā)
逼民為盜／逼民为盗
逼綽／逼绰
逼綽子／逼绰子
逼緊／逼紧
逼臨／逼临
逼良為娼／逼良为娼 (bīliángwéichāng)
逼視／逼视 (bīshì)
逼邏／逼逻
鋒芒逼人／锋芒逼人

Etymology 2

trad.		逼
simp. ^#		逼

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bī (bi¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bī
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bi
  - Wade–Giles: pi¹
  - Yale: bī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bi
  - Palladius: би (bi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵⁵/

Definitions

逼

(Mandarin) Alternative form of 屄 (bī).

Etymology 3

trad.		逼
simp. ^#		逼
alternative forms		別／别愊

Probably from 別／别 (piat).

Pronunciation

Min Nan (POJ): pek / piat / piak

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek
  - Tâi-lô: pik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peg
  - IPA (Lukang): /piɪk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /piɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Tainan, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piat
  - Tâi-lô: piat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piad
  - IPA (Tainan, Kinmen): /piɛt̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piak
  - Tâi-lô: piak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piag
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /piak̚³²/

Definitions

逼

(Min Nan) to interpret (one's fortune, etc.)

References

“逼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

逼

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

to approach
Synonym: 迫
to compel; to force

Readings

Go-on: ひき (hiki)^{←ひき (fiki, historical)}
Kan-on: ひょく (hyoku)^{←ひよく (fyoku, historical)}
Kan’yō-on: ひつ (hitsu)^{←ひつ (fitu, historical)}
Kun: せまる (semaru, 逼る)

Compounds

逼(ひっ)近(きん) (hikkin)
逼(ひっ)塞(そく) (hissoku)
逼(ひつ)奪(だつ) (hitsudatsu)
逼(ひっ)迫(ぱく) (hippaku)
逼(ひょく)奪(だつ) (hyokudatsu)
逼(ひょく)迫(はく) (hyokuhaku)
脅(きょう)逼(ひょく) (kyōhyoku)

Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading.

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 핍 (phip)^訓 (Yale: phip) in Gwangju Cheonjamun (光州千字文 / 광주천자문), 1575. Recorded as Middle Korean 핍 (phip)^訓 (Yale: phip) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

The original reading is 벽 (byeok) based on Middle Chinese 逼 (MC pɨk̚).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 벽〮 (Yale: pyék) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 벽 (pyek)^訓 (Yale: pyek) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pʰip̚]
Phonetic hangul: [핍]

Hanja

Wikisource 逼 (eumhun 핍박할 핍 (pipbakhal pip))

Hanja form^? of 핍 (“to force; to compel”).

Compounds

핍박 (逼迫, pipbak)
핍탈 (逼奪, piptal)
핍근 (逼近, pipgeun)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

逼: Hán Nôm readings: bức, bực

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