福

See also: 🉠
福 U+798F, 福
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-798F
← 禎
[U+798E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 禐 →
[U+7990]

福 U+FA1B, 福
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1B
← 祥
[U+FA1A] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 靖 →
[U+FA1C]

福 U+2F956, 福
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F956
← 𥛅
[U+2F955] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 秫 →
[U+2F957]

Translingual
Stroke order
13 strokes

Han character

福 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈火一口田 (IFMRW), four-corner 31266, composition ⿰礻畐(GHTJV) or ⿰⺬畐(K))

References

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 福
alternative forms 畗
茀

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 福
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (畐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
富 *pɯɡs
輻 *pɯɡs, *pɯɡ
副 *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ
褔 *pʰɯɡs
蔔 *bɯːɡ
匐 *bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ
逼 *prɯɡ
偪 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
幅 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
楅 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
湢 *prɯɡ
堛 *pʰrɯɡ
愊 *pʰrɯɡ
踾 *pʰrɯɡ, *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
揊 *pʰrɯɡ
稫 *pʰrɯɡ
畐 *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ
疈 *pʰrɯɡ
腷 *brɯɡ
鶝 *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
福 *pɯɡ
蝠 *pɯɡ
葍 *pɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pɯɡ) : semantic 示 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ).

Etymology

Proto-Sino-Tibetan [Term?]. Cognate with 富 (OC *pɯɡs, “rich”), Tibetan ཕྱུགས (phyugs, “livestock”).

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 福
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 東 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 方六切
Baxter pjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /piuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /piuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /puwk̚/
Li
Rong		 /piuk̚/
Wang
Li		 /pĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 fuk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 福
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 fú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pjuwk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pək/
English blessing

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 福
Reading # 1/1
No. 3395
Phonetic
component		 畐
Rime
group		 職
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 福
Old
Chinese		 /*pɯɡ/

Definitions

福

  1. blessing; happiness; prosperity; good fortune
    口福  ―  kǒufú  ―  gourmet's luck
    享福  ―  xiǎngfú  ―  to enjoy a happy life
    托你的福  ―  tuō nǐ de fú  ―  thanks to you
    禍福相依／祸福相依  ―  huòfúxiàngyī  ―  fortune and misfortune are interdependent
    福如東海／福如东海  ―  fúrúdōnghǎi  ―  to have boundless happiness
  2. (obsolete) to bless
  3. Short for 福建 (Fújiàn, “Fujian”).
  4. a surname. Fu

Synonyms
  • (blessing): 幸福 (xìngfú)
  • (good fortune):
Synonyms of 福

Antonyms
  • (blessing): (literary, or in compounds) 禍／祸 (huò)

Compounds
Derived terms from 福

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (福):
  • → Japanese: 福(ふく) (fuku)
  • → Korean: 복(福) (bok)
  • → Vietnamese: phúc (福), phước (福)

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 福
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 滂 (2)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 敷救切
Baxter phjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pʰɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pʰiuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /pʰiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /pʰuwH/
Li
Rong		 /pʰiuH/
Wang
Li		 /pʰĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pʰi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 fau3

Definitions

福

  1. † to store; to garner
  2. † to conform to; to fit in with

References

Japanese
Shinjitai 福
Kyūjitai
[1]
福
&#xFA1B;
or
福+&#xFE00;?
福󠄁
福+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
福󠄃
福+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
福

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 福)

  1. good fortune, good luck

Readings


Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
福
ふく
Grade: 3
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
福 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 福 (MC pɨuk̚).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ふく​ [fùkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

福(ふく) • (fuku) 

  1. good luck, good fortune
    Synonym: 幸運 (kōun)
    Antonym: 禍 (ka)
  2. happiness
  3. (Shinto, Buddhism) a blessing

Derived terms

Adjective

福(ふく) • (fuku) -na (adnominal 福(ふく)な (fuku na), adverbial 福(ふく)に (fuku ni))

  1. wealthy

Inflection
Inflection of 福
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 福だろ ふくだろ fuku daro
Continuative (連用形) 福で ふくで fuku de
Terminal (終止形) 福だ ふくだ fuku da
Attributive (連体形) 福な ふくな fuku na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 福なら ふくなら fuku nara
Imperative (命令形) 福であれ ふくであれ fuku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 福ではない
福じゃない		 ふくではない
ふくじゃない		 fuku de wa nai
fuku ja nai
Informal past 福だった ふくだった fuku datta
Informal negative past 福ではなかった
福じゃなかった		 ふくではなかった
ふくじゃなかった		 fuku de wa nakatta
fuku ja nakatta
Formal 福です ふくです fuku desu
Formal negative 福ではありません
福じゃありません		 ふくではありません
ふくじゃありません		 fuku de wa arimasen
fuku ja arimasen
Formal past 福でした ふくでした fuku deshita
Formal negative past 福ではありませんでした
福じゃありませんでした		 ふくではありませんでした
ふくじゃありませんでした		 fuku de wa arimasen deshita
fuku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 福で ふくで fuku de
Conditional 福なら（ば） ふくなら（ば） fuku nara (ba)
Provisional 福だったら ふくだったら fuku dattara
Volitional 福だろう ふくだろう fuku darō
Adverbial 福に ふくに fuku ni
Degree 福さ ふくさ fukusa

Proper noun

福(ふく) • (Fuku) 

  1. a placename
  2. a surname
  3. a female given name

Affix

福(ふく) • (fuku) 

  1. Short for 福岡 (Fukuoka, “Fukuoka (a province of Japan)”).

References
  1. “福”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

福 (eumhun 복 복 (bok bok))

  1. Hanja form? of 복 (“fortune”).

Vietnamese

Han character

福: Hán Nôm readings: phúc, phước, Phúc

  1. happy
  2. fortunate
  3. blessing
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