鑒

See also: 鉴
鑒 U+9452, 鑒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9452
← 鑑
[U+9451] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鑓 →
[U+9453]

Translingual
Traditional 鑒
Shinjitai 鑑
Simplified 鉴

Han character

鑒 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+14, 22 strokes, cangjie input 尸田金 (SWC) or 金尸一廿 (CSMT), four-corner 78109, composition ⿱𰯲金)

Derived characters
  • 𨰹(𰿀) 𫭀

References
  • KangXi: page 1325, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40989
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1826, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4267, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+9452

Chinese
trad. 鑒/鑑
simp. 鉴
alternative forms 鍳／鉴

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
藍 *ɡ·raːm
襤 *ɡ·raːm
籃 *ɡ·raːm
懢 *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms
儖 *ɡ·raːm
蘫 *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms
攬 *ɡ·raːmʔ
欖 *ɡ·raːmʔ
覽 *ɡ·raːmʔ
爁 *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥 *ɡ·raːmʔ
灠 *ɡ·raːmʔ
濫 *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ
嚂 *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜 *ɡ·raːms
監 *kraːm, *kraːms
礛 *kraːm
鑑 *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms
艦 *ɡraːmʔ
檻 *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms
壏 *ɡraːmʔ
轞 *ɡraːmʔ
鹽 *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 鑒 鑒
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 先 (85) 銜 (149)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) IV II
Fanqie 古賢切 格懺切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ken/ /kˠamH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ken/ /kᵚamH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɛn/ /kamH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kɛn/ /kaɨmH/
Li
Rong		 /ken/ /kamH/
Wang
Li		 /kien/ /kamH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kien/ /kamH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiān jiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gin1 gaam3

Definitions

鑒

  1. (bronze) mirror
  2. to inspect; to examine
  3. to reflect; to mirror
  4. to evaluate; to assess
  5. perceptiveness; vigilance
  6. reflection
  7. lesson; example; warning
  8. (historical) large reflective basin for holding water or ice

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (鑒):
  • → Japanese: 鑑(かん) (kan)
  • → Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠣᠯᠢ (toli) (semantic loan)
    • Mongolian: ᠲᠣᠯᠢ (toli) / толь (tolʹ)
    • → Buryat: толи (toli) (semantic loan)
    • → Khamnigan Mongol: толи (toli) (semantic loan)
    • → Written Oirat: ᡐᡆᠯᡅ (toli) (semantic loan)

Compounds
Derived terms from 鑒

Japanese

Kanji
鑒

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Definitions
For pronunciation and definitions of 鑒 – see the following entry.
【鑑かがみ】S
[noun] an example, exemplar, model, pattern
[proper noun] a surname
【鑑かん】S
[noun] a kind of ancient Chinese bronzeware
[noun] an example, exemplar, model, pattern
[affix] example, exemplar
[affix] model, pattern
[affix] inspect, examine
[affix] evaluate
(This term, 鑒, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

Korean

Hanja

鑒 (eumhun 거울 감 (geoul gam))

  1. Alternative form of 鑑 (“Hanja form? of 감 (“mirror; inspection”).”)

References

Vietnamese

Han character

鑒: Hán Nôm readings: giám, gương

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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