靡

靡	U+9761, 靡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9761

← 靠
[U+9760]

CJK Unified Ideographs

面 →
[U+9762]

Translingual

Han character

靡 (Kangxi radical 175, 非+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 戈金中一卜 (ICLMY) or 戈木中一卜 (IDLMY), four-corner 0021₁, composition ⿸麻非)

Derived characters

孊㠧戂攠灖䃺䊳釄䭩劘㸏爢蘼

References

KangXi: page 1383, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42612
Dae Jaweon: page 1896, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4088, character 5
Unihan data for U+9761

Chinese

trad.		靡
simp. ^#		靡

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (麻) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
麻	*mraːl
痲	*mraːl
犘	*mraːl
縻	*mral
醿	*mral
爢	*mral
蘼	mral, mralʔ, *mrɯl
靡	*mralʔ
摩	maːl, maːls
魔	*maːl
磨	maːl, maːls
劘	*maːl
麽	*maːl
麼	*maːlʔ
塺	maːls, mɯːl
麾	*hmral

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mǐ (mi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁵
Min Nan (POJ): bí

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mǐ
  - Wade–Giles: mi³
  - Yale: mǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mii
  - Palladius: ми (mi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mei⁵
  - Yale: méih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: méi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bí
  - Tâi-lô: bí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bi⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bi⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /mˠiᴇ^X/

Rime
Character	靡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	文彼切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠiᴇ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚiɛ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/miɛ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mjiə̆^X/
Li Rong	/mje^X/
Wang Li	/mǐe^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/mie̯^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mei⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m(r)ajʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*mralʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	靡	靡	靡	靡
Reading #	2/5	3/5	4/5	5/5
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mǐ	mǐ	mǐ	mǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ mje^X ›	‹ mje^X ›	‹ mje^X ›	‹ mje^X ›
Old Chinese	/*m(r)ajʔ/	/*m(r)ajʔ/	/*m(r)ajʔ/	/*m(r)ajʔ/
English	squander	not have, not exist	fall over	small, tiny
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	靡
Reading #	1/1
No.	8701
Phonetic component	麻
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	靡
Old Chinese	/*mralʔ/

Definitions

靡

(literary) to fall down
- 吾視其轍亂，望其旗靡，故逐之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  吾视其辙乱，望其旗靡，故逐之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Wú shì qí zhé luàn, wàng qí qí mǐ, gù zhú zhī. [Pinyin]
  But when I examined the enemy's wheel-tracks and found them cries-crossing and looked afar and saw his banners drooping, I advised pursuit.
(literary) extravagant; beautiful; splendid
(literary) no; not
- 侯服於周、天命靡常。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  侯服于周、天命靡常。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Hóu fú yú Zhōu, tiānmìng mǐ cháng. [Pinyin]
  They became subject to Zhou; the appointment of Heaven is not constant.

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mí (mi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁴
Min Nan (POJ): bî

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mí
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mí
  - Wade–Giles: mi²
  - Yale: mí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mi
  - Palladius: ми (mi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mei⁴
  - Yale: mèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: méi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bî
  - Tâi-lô: bî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bii
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /bi²⁴/

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m(r)aj/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	靡
Reading #	1/5
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mí
Middle Chinese	‹ mje ›
Old Chinese	/*m(r)aj/
English	to share with
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

靡

extravagant; wasteful; to waste
^† to extinguish; to eliminate
^† to rotten; to damage
^† to exhaust; to use up
^† to divide; to disperse; to scatter
^† to share

Compounds

之死靡他
之死靡它
低靡
侈靡 (chǐmí)
夷靡
奓靡
奢靡 (shēmí)
妖靡
委靡
委靡不振
所向披靡
披靡 (pīmǐ)
旗靡
曼靡
江靡
浮靡
淫靡 (yínmǐ)
猗猗靡靡
猗靡
胥靡 (xūmí)
萎靡 (wěimǐ)
萎靡不振 (wěimǐbùzhèn)
迆靡 (yǐmǐ)

迤靡
阤靡
靃靡
靡密
靡愬
靡敝
靡曼 (mǐmàn)
靡然
靡知所措
靡衣偷食
靡衣玉食
靡追
靡靡 (mǐmǐ)
靡靡之音 (mǐmǐzhīyīn)
從風而靡／从风而靡
望風披靡／望风披靡
望風而靡／望风而靡 (wàngfēng'érmǐ)
當者披靡／当者披靡
禍福靡常／祸福靡常
綺靡／绮靡
與世靡爭／与世靡争
草靡風行／草靡风行
華靡／华靡 (huámǐ)

萍蹤靡定／萍踪靡定
誇多鬥靡／夸多斗靡
轍亂旗靡／辙乱旗靡 (zhéluànqímǐ)
鉅細靡遺／巨细靡遗 (jùxìmǐyí)
靡有孑遺／靡有孑遗
靡然向風／靡然向风
靡然從風／靡然从风
靡然鄉風／靡然乡风
靡爛／靡烂
靡費／靡费 (mífèi)
靡靡之樂／靡靡之乐 (mǐmǐzhīyuè)
靡麗／靡丽
頹靡／颓靡 (tuímǐ)
頹靡不振／颓靡不振
風行草靡／风行草靡
風靡／风靡 (fēngmǐ)
風靡一時／风靡一时 (fēngmǐyīshí)
風靡雲湧／风靡云涌
風靡雲蒸／风靡云蒸
飛靡／飞靡
鳳靡鸞吪／凤靡鸾吪
麗靡／丽靡

References

“靡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

靡

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

Go-on: み (mi)^{←み (mi, historical)}
Kan-on: び (bi)^{←び (bi, historical)}
On: ひ (hi)
Kun: なびく (nabiku, 靡く); なびかす (nabikasu, 靡かす); ない (nai, 靡い); なし (nashi, 靡し)

Compounds

靡(び)迤(い) (bii)
靡(び)貨(か) (bika)
靡(び)顔(がん) (bigan)
靡(び)傾(けい) (bikei)
靡(び)盬(こ) (biko)
靡(び)砕(さい) (bisai)
靡(び)財(ざい) (bizai)
靡(び)散(さん) (bisan)
靡(び)然(ぜん) (bizen)
靡(び)薄(はく) (bihaku)
靡(び)披(ひ) (bihi)
靡(び)費(ひ) (bihi)
靡(び)靡(び) (bibi)
靡(び)敝(へい), 靡(び)弊(へい) (bihei)
靡(び)幣(へい) (bihei)
靡(び)曼(まん), 靡(び)嫚(まん) (biman)
靡(び)濫(らん) (biran)
靡(び)爛(らん) (biran)
靡(び)麗(れい) (birei)
夷(い)靡(び) (ibi)
委(い)靡(び) (ibi)
猗(い)靡(び) (ibi)
萎(い)靡(び) (ibi)
陁(い)靡(び) (ibi)
阤(い)靡(び) (ibi)
淫(いん)靡(び) (inbi)
華(か)靡(び) (kabi)
綺(き)靡(び) (kibi)
旗(き)靡(び) (kibi)
軽(けい)靡(び) (keibi)
傾靡
妍靡
侈(し)靡(び) (shibi)
奢(しゃ)靡(び) (shabi)
従靡
胥(しょ)靡(び) (shobi)
靃(すい)靡(び) (suibi)
繊(せん)靡(び) (senbi)
頽靡
披(ひ)靡(び) (hibi)
微靡
浮(ふ)靡(び) (fubi)
風(ふう)靡(び) (fūbi)
沸(ふつ)靡(び) (futsubi)
曼靡
離靡
麗(れい)靡(び) (reibi)

References

白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “靡”, in 字通普及版 (Jitsū fukyūban, “Jitsū trade edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

靡 (eum 미 (mi))

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Vietnamese

Han character

靡: Hán Nôm readings: mị

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