面

See also: 靣, 麵, 麫, and 麪
面 U+9762, 面
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9762
← 靡
[U+9761]
CJK Unified Ideographs 靣 →
[U+9763]
⾯ U+2FAF, ⾯
KANGXI RADICAL FACE
← ⾮
[U+2FAE]
Kangxi Radicals ⾰ →
[U+2FB0]

Translingual

Traditional 麵
Shinjitai 麺
Simplified 面
Stroke order

Han character

面 (Kangxi radical 176, 面+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一田尸中 (MWSL) or 一田卜中 (MWYL), four-corner 10600, composition ⿱丆囬)

  1. Kangxi radical #176, ⾯.

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 1383, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42618
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1896, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4398, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9762

Chinese

simp. and trad.
面
2nd round simp. 𫩑

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 面
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Small seal script

Pictogram (象形) , A man’s face, with an eye exaggerated, derived from 𦣻.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mjal (“face”); cognate with Mizo hmêl (“face”), Jingpho man (“face”). 偭 (OC *menʔ, “to turn; to violate”) is probably cognate (Wang, 1982), perhaps its endoactive (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • min6-2 - “surface, top, face; dignity, reputation, face”.
Note:
  • méng - vernacular;
  • miêng - literary.
Note:
  • bīn/bǐn - vernacular;
  • biān - literary.
Note: mêng7 - Jieyang.
Note:
  • mienn5 - vernacular;
  • mienn4 - literary.

Rime
Character 面
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 彌箭切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/miᴇnH/
Pan
Wuyun
/miɛnH/
Shao
Rongfen
/mjænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/mianH/
Li
Rong
/miɛnH/
Wang
Li
/mĭɛnH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/mi̯ɛnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
miàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
min6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 面
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
miàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ mjienH ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.me[n]-s/
English face

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 面
Reading # 1/1
No. 9098
Phonetic
component
面
Rime
group
元
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
面
Old
Chinese
/*mens/

Definitions

面

  1. (literary or dialectal) face (Classifier: 塊/块 c)
    面帶笑容/面带笑容  ―  miàn dài xiàoróng  ―  to have a smile on one's face
    你塊面有笪嘢。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    你块面有笪嘢。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 faai3 min6 jau5 daat3 je5. [Jyutping]
    There's something on your face.
  2. surface; top; face
    水面  ―  shuǐmiàn  ―  water surface
    路面  ―  lùmiàn  ―  road surface
  3. aspect; side; respect
    全面  ―  quánmiàn  ―  overall
  4. right side; cover; outside
  5. (geometry) face
    長方體有六個面。/长方体有六个面。  ―  Chángfāngtǐ yǒu liù ge miàn.  ―  A cuboid has six faces.
  6. (Cantonese, Singapore and Penang Hokkien) dignity; reputation; face
    冇面 [Cantonese]  ―  mou5 min6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to lose face; to be embarrassed
  7. to meet
    面世  ―  miànshì  ―  to come out (literally, “to meet the world”)
  8. face-to-face
    面談/面谈  ―  miàntán  ―  to talk with someone face to face
    面告  ―  miàngào  ―  to inform face to face
  9. to face
    面壁  ―  miànbì  ―  to face the wall
    背山面水  ―  bèi shān miàn shuǐ  ―  backing on to a mountain and facing a body of water
  10. suffix used to form a noun of locality
    前面  ―  qiánmiàn  ―  in front
    上面  ―  shàngmiàn  ―  higher place
    西面  ―  xīmiàn  ―  west
  11. Short for 面試/面试 (miànshì, “interview”).
    HR面  ―  HRmiàn  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)
  12. Classifier for objects with a flat surface.
    一面國旗/一面国旗  ―  yī miàn guóqí  ―  a national flag
    一面鼓  ―  yī miàn gǔ  ―  a drum
  13. Classifier for numbers of times people meet each other.
    我和他只見過一面。 [MSC, trad.]
    我和他只见过一面。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ hé tā zhǐ jiàn guo yī miàn. [Pinyin]
    I have only met him once.
Synonyms
  • (face):
  • (dignity):
  • (classifier):

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (面):
  • → Japanese: 面(めん) (men)
  • → Korean: 면(面) (myeon)
  • → Vietnamese: diện (面)

Others:

  • → Proto-Mien: *ʰmi̯enᴬ (“face”)
  • → Vietnamese: miền (沔)
  • → Zhuang: mienh

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 面 – see 麵 (“flour; wheat noodles; etc.”).
(This character, 面, is the simplified form of 麵.)
Notes:

References

Japanese

Kanji

面

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. mask
  2. face
  3. features
  4. surface

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
面
めん
Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

面(めん) • (men) 

  1. face
    面(めん)あり!
    Men ari!
    (kendo) Face hit!
  2. surface
  3. mask
    天狗(てんぐ)のお面(めん)
    tengu no o-men
    tengu mask
  4. page
  5. (music) side of a record or CD
    両A(りょうエ)面(めん)
    ryō e-men
    double A-side

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
面
おもて
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) おもて​ [òmótéꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA(key): [o̞mo̞te̞]

Noun

面(おもて) • (omote)  (alternative reading hiragana おも, rōmaji omo)

  1. face
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
面
つら
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) つら​ [tsùráꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝɾa̠]

Noun

面(つら) • (tsura) 

  1. face
  2. surface
  3. mask
  4. page
Derived terms

Suffix

面(づら) • (-zura) 

  1. -looking

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
面
おも
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 面 – see the following entry.
【おも】
[noun] face
(This term, 面, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 面 (MC miᴇnH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448면〮 (Yale: myén)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527ᄂᆞᆺ (Yale: nòs)면〯 (Yale: myěn)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mjɘ(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [면(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 面 (eumhun 낯 면 (nat myeon))

  1. Hanja form? of 면 (“side; aspect”). [noun]
  2. Hanja form? of 면 (“(government) township”). [noun]

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

面: Hán Nôm readings: diện, miến, miền[1]

  1. (colloquial) chữ Hán form of diện (“to dress up, to be well-dressed”).
  2. chữ Hán form of diện (“face, appearance”).
  3. chữ Hán form of diện (“aspect; area”).
  4. Nôm form of miền (“region; district; domain”).

References

  1. Trần (2004).
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