知識

See also: 知识

Chinese

	to know; to be aware	to record; write a footnote; to know to record; write a footnote; to know; knowledge
trad. (知識)	知	識
simp. (知识)	知	识
alternative forms	知䛊 obsolete

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhīshi, zhīshì

(Zhuyin): ㄓ ˙ㄕ, ㄓㄕˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җышы (žɨšɨ, I-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹ sik¹, zi³ sik¹
Min Dong (BUC): dĭ-sék
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): tì-sek / tì-siak / tì-sit / ti-siak

(Teochew, Peng'im): zai¹ sêg⁴ / di³ sêg⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): ¹tsr-seq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhīshi
  - Zhuyin: ㄓ ˙ㄕ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhihshi̊h
  - Wade–Giles: chih¹-shih⁵
  - Yale: jr̄-shr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy.shy
  - Palladius: чжиши (čžiši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩²/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhīshì
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄕˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhihshìh
  - Wade–Giles: chih¹-shih⁴
  - Yale: jr̄-shr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyshyh
  - Palladius: чжиши (čžiši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    知事
    知識／知识
    芝士
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җышы (žɨšɨ, I-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ ʂʐ̩²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zi¹ sik¹, zi³ sik¹
  - Yale: jī sīk, ji sīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹ sik⁷, dzi³ sik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji¹ xig¹, ji³ xig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/, /t͡siː³³ sɪk̚⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    姿色
    知悉
    知識／知识

Note: zi3 sik1 - also written as 智識.

Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭ-sék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(s-)lɛiʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì-sek
  - Tâi-lô: tì-sik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dieseg
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti²¹⁻⁴¹ ɕiɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Singapore): /ti²¹⁻⁴² sek̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ti¹¹⁻⁵³ ɕiɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ti²¹⁻⁵³ ɕiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì-siak
  - Tâi-lô: tì-siak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diesiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ti⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɕiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì-sit
  - Tâi-lô: tì-sit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diesid
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti²¹⁻⁵³ ɕit̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti-siak
  - Tâi-lô: ti-siak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: disiag
  - IPA (Philippines): /ti³³ ɕiak̚⁵/

Note: also written as 智識.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zai¹ sêg⁴ / di³ sêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsai sek / tì sek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai³³⁻²³ sek̚²/, /ti²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sek̚²/

Note: di3 sêg4 - also written as 智識.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ¹tsr-seq
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵ səʔ²¹/

Middle Chinese: /ʈiᴇ ɕɨk̚/

Rime
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	支 (11)	蒸 (134)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	陟移切	賞職切
Baxter	trjie	syik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈiᴇ/	/ɕɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɛ/	/ɕɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶjɛ/	/ɕiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈiə̆/	/ɕik̚/
Li Rong	/ȶie/	/ɕiək̚/
Wang Li	/ȶǐe/	/ɕĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶie̯/	/ɕi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī	shi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi¹	sik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tre s-tək/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'e tjɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhī	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ trje ›	‹ syik ›
Old Chinese	/*tre/	/*s-tək/
English	know	know
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	11495	17244
Phonetic component	矢	戠
Rime group	支	代
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		志
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'e/	/*tjɯɡs/
Notes	沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲	戠轉註字

Noun

知識

knowledge
學習知識／学习知识 ― xuéxí zhīshí ― to acquire knowledge

更新知識／更新知识 ― gēngxīn zhīshí ― to renew one's knowledge

知識淵博／知识渊博 ― zhīshi yuānbó ― to be knowledgeable

傳授知識／传授知识 ― chuánshòu zhīshi ― to pass on knowledge

知識結構／知识结构 ― zhīshí jiégòu ― knowledge structure

知識爆炸／知识爆炸 ― zhīshí bàozhà ― knowledge explosion

圖書館是人類知識的海洋。 [MSC, trad.]
图书馆是人类知识的海洋。 [MSC, simp.]
Túshūguǎn shì rénlèi zhīshí de hǎiyáng. [Pinyin]
Libraries contain knowledge of human experience as vast as the open sea.

知識不一定完全來自於學校的教育，社會也是個大學嘛。 [MSC, trad.]
知识不一定完全来自于学校的教育，社会也是个大学嘛。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhīshí bù yīdìng wánquán láizì yú xuéxiào de jiàoyù, shèhuì yě shì ge dàxué ma. [Pinyin]
Knowledge does not come from schooling alone. Society is a kind of university.
intellect; intelligence

Synonyms

(knowledge):

edit

心得 (xīndé) (knowledge gained)
所知 (suǒzhī) (literary)
學問／学问 (xuéwèn)
智識／智识 (zhìshí) (literary, or Min Nan and Cantonese)
聞見／闻见 (wénjiàn) (literary)

見聞／见闻 (jiànwén)
見識／见识 (jiànshí)
認識／认识 (rènshi)
識見／识见 (shíjiàn) (literary)

(intellect): 智力 (zhìlì)

Derived terms

Derived terms from 知識

元知識／元知识 (yuánzhīshí)
冷知識／冷知识 (lěngzhīshi)
專業知識／专业知识 (zhuānyè zhīshí)
知識人／知识人 (zhīshirén)
知識分子／知识分子 (zhīshi fènzǐ)
知識就是力量／知识就是力量 (zhīshi jiùshì lìliàng)
知識工人／知识工人 (zhīshi gōngrén)
知識產業／知识产业 (zhīshi chǎnyè)

知識產權／知识产权 (zhīshi chǎnquán)
知識界／知识界 (zhīshijiè)
知識經濟／知识经济 (zhīshi jīngjì)
知識論／知识论 (zhīshilùn)
知識青年／知识青年 (zhīshi qīngnián)
知識面／知识面 (zhīshimiàn)
知識點／知识点 (zhīshidiǎn)
零知識證明／零知识证明 (língzhīshi zhèngmíng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (知識):

→ Japanese: 知(ち)識(しき) (chishiki)
→ Korean: 지식(知識) (jisik)
→ Vietnamese: tri thức (知識)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhīshí, zhīshì

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄕˊ, ㄓㄕˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹ sik¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhīshí
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄕˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhihshíh
  - Wade–Giles: chih¹-shih²
  - Yale: jr̄-shŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyshyr
  - Palladius: чжиши (čžiši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhīshì
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄕˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhihshìh
  - Wade–Giles: chih¹-shih⁴
  - Yale: jr̄-shr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyshyh
  - Palladius: чжиши (čžiši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    知事
    知識／知识
    芝士
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zi¹ sik¹
  - Yale: jī sīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹ sik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji¹ xig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    姿色
    知悉
    知識／知识

Middle Chinese: /ʈiᴇ ɕɨk̚/

Rime
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	支 (11)	蒸 (134)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	陟移切	賞職切
Baxter	trjie	syik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈiᴇ/	/ɕɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɛ/	/ɕɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶjɛ/	/ɕiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈiə̆/	/ɕik̚/
Li Rong	/ȶie/	/ɕiək̚/
Wang Li	/ȶǐe/	/ɕĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶie̯/	/ɕi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī	shi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi¹	sik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tre s-tək/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'e tjɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhī	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ trje ›	‹ syik ›
Old Chinese	/*tre/	/*s-tək/
English	know	know
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	11495	17244
Phonetic component	矢	戠
Rime group	支	代
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		志
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'e/	/*tjɯɡs/
Notes	沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲	戠轉註字

Verb

知識

(literary) to know; to be familiar with

Synonyms

edit

Synonyms of 知識

了解 (liǎojiě)
悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)
懂 (dǒng)
懂得 (dǒngde)
打生 (Wenzhounese)
把握 (bǎwò)
掌握 (zhǎngwò)
明 (míng) (Cantonese)
明白 (míngbai)
洞悉 (dòngxī)
清亮 (qīngliàng) (mainland China)
清楚 (qīngchu)
熟似 (Min Nan)
熟悉 (shúxī)
熟稔 (shúrěn) (literary)
理解 (lǐjiě)
知影 (Min Nan)
知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)
知道 (zhīdao)
通解 (tōngjiě) (literary)
醒悟 (xǐngwù)
佔有／占有 (zhànyǒu)
分曉／分晓 (fēnxiǎo)

參悟／参悟 (cānwù)
明瞭／明了 (míngliǎo)
曉得／晓得 (xiǎode)
會悟／会悟 (huìwù) (literary)
熟識／熟识 (shúshí)
理會／理会 (lǐhuì)
瞭悟／了悟 (liǎowù) (literary)
瞭然／了然 (liǎorán)
知曉／知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
覺悟／觉悟 (juéwù)
覺醒／觉醒 (juéxǐng)
認識／认识 (rènshi)
諳曉／谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
諳達／谙达 (āndá) (literary)
貫通／贯通 (guàntōng)
通曉／通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
通達／通达 (tōngdá)
達／达 (dá) (literary, or in compounds)
開悟／开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)
領悟／领悟 (lǐngwù)
領會／领会 (lǐnghuì)
領略／领略 (lǐnglüè)

Noun

知識

(literary) acquaintance; friend
- 人有大臭者，其親戚兄弟妻妾知識無能與居者，自苦而居海上。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  人有大臭者，其亲戚兄弟妻妾知识无能与居者，自苦而居海上。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE
  Rén yǒu dà chòu zhě, qí qīnqī xiōngdì qīqiè zhīshí wú néng yǔ jū zhě, zìkǔ ér jū hǎishàng. [Pinyin]
  There was a man who stank obnoxiously. Among his relatives, siblings, wives, and friends, none could bear to live with him. Troubled by himself, he went to dwell on an island in the sea.

Synonyms

edit

所知 (suǒzhī) (literary)
熟人 (shúrén)
熟人子 (Xiang)

熟似人 (Min Nan)
半熟臉兒／半熟脸儿 (bànshóuliǎnr) (colloquial)
相識／相识 (xiāngshí)

Derived terms

善知識／善知识 (shànzhīshí)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
知	識
ち Grade: 2	しき Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ちしき [chíꜜshìkì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕiɕi̥kʲi]

Noun

知(ち)識(しき) • (chishiki)

knowledge
知(ち)識(しき)を得(え)る
chishiki o eru
to acquire knowledge

References

1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
知	識

Noun

知識 • (jisik) (hangeul 지식)

Hanja form^? of 지식 (“knowledge”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
知	識

Noun

知識

chữ Hán form of tri thức (“knowledge”).

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[NHK-1] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN