伏

伏 U+4F0F, 伏
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F0F
← 伎
[U+4F0E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 伐 →
[U+4F10]

Translingual
Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

伏 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人戈大 (OIK), four-corner 23234, composition ⿰亻犬)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 95, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 438
  • Dae Jaweon: page 202, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 119, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4F0F

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 伏

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 伏
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Bronze inscriptions

b12383

Small seal script

s05877

Transcribed ancient scripts

L37486

L37487

L37488

L25340

L25341

L25342

L25343

L25344

L25345

L25346

L25347

L25348

L25349

L25350

L25351

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (伏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
絥 *brɯɡs, *bɯɡ
伏 *bɯɡs, *bɯɡ
垘 *bɯːɡ
茯 *bɯɡ
洑 *bɯɡ
栿 *bɯɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 人 (“person”) + 犬 (“dog”) – meaning “prostrate”.

  • A dog at the side of a person.
  • A person adopting the position of a dog.

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • buk6 - vernacular;
  • fuk6 - literary.
Note:
  • hog4 - literary;
  • pag4 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 伏
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 東 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 房六切
Baxter bjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /biuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /biuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /buwk̚/
Li
Rong		 /biuk̚/
Wang
Li		 /bĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 fuk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 伏
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 fú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ bjuwk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[b]ək/
English lie prostrate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 伏
Reading # 2/2
No. 3333
Phonetic
component		 伏
Rime
group		 職
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 伏
Old
Chinese		 /*bɯɡ/
Definitions

伏

  1. to lie prostrate
  2. to crouch; to crawl
  3. to ambush; to lie hidden
  4. to hide; to conceal
  5. to surrender; to yield
  6. to accept; to submit; to bear; to endure
  7. to subdue
  8. to go down; to fall down
  9. to remain; to wait for
  10. to remove
  11. residence
  12. hottest days of summer
  13. (obsolete) horizontal wooden bar in front of a carriage chair
  14. Short for 伏特 (fútè, “volt”).
  15. Alternative form of 服 (fú).
  16. a surname

Compounds
Derived terms from 伏

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 伏
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 扶富切
Baxter bjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /biuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /biəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /buwH/
Li
Rong		 /biuH/
Wang
Li		 /bĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 fau6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 伏
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 fú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ bjuwH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[b]ək-s/
English hatch (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 伏
Reading # 1/2
No. 3331
Phonetic
component		 伏
Rime
group		 代
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 復
Old
Chinese		 /*bɯɡs/
Definitions

伏

  1. (archaic or dialectal) to hatch
    伏小雞／伏小鸡 [Shanghainese]  ―  [b̥v̩ʷ³³  ɕiɔ³³ t͡ɕi⁴⁴] [IPA]  ―  to hatch chicks

Compounds
  • 伏卵
  • 伏抱
  • 伏雌
  • 伏雞／伏鸡

Etymology 2

From 中伏 (zung3 fuk6), short for 中埋伏 (“to be ambushed; to fall in traps”).

Pronunciation

Definitions

伏

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) below expectation; worse than anticipated; trappy
Synonyms
  • (Mandarin) 雷 (léi)

Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 復 (“to return; to recover; to resume; etc.”).
(This character, 伏, is a variant form of 復.)

Etymology 4
For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 負 (“to carry; to bear; to rely on; to load; to burden; etc.”).
(This character, 伏, is a variant form of 負.)

Etymology 5
For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 袱 (“a piece of cloth used to wrap bundles”).
(This character, 伏, is the second-round simplified form of 袱.)
Notes:

Etymology 6
For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 匐.
(This character, 伏, is the second-round simplified form of 匐.)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji
伏

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. prostrated
  2. bend down
  3. bow
  4. cover
  5. lay pipes

Readings

Korean

Hanja

伏 (eumhun 엎드릴 복 (eopdeuril bok))

  1. Hanja form? of 복 (“crouch, crawl, lie hidden, conceal”).

伏 (eumhun 안을 부 (aneul bu))

  1. Hanja form? of 복 (“embrace, hold something in one's arms”).

Vietnamese

Han character

伏: Hán Nôm readings: phục

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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