似

似	U+4F3C, 似 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F3C

← 伻
[U+4F3B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

伽 →
[U+4F3D]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

似 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4 in Chinese, 人+5 in Japanese, 6 strokes in Chinese, 7 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 人女戈人 (OVIO), four-corner 2820₀, composition ⿰亻以)

Derived characters

𠳎, 娰, 𬠊, 𩛮, 𠏳, 𫣵, 𫈄

References

KangXi: page 97, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 485
Dae Jaweon: page 205, character 16
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 127, character 2
Unihan data for U+4F3C

Chinese

trad.		似
simp. ^#		似
alternative forms		佀仏𠚦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 似

**Bronze inscriptions**
b12336	b12337	b12338	b12339	b12340	b12341	b12342	b12343
b12344	b12345	b12346	b12347	b12348	b12349	b12350	b12351

**Small seal script**
s05799

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L34166	L13771

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (以) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
似	*ljɯʔ
姒	*ljɯʔ
耜	*ljɯʔ
佀	*ljɯʔ
以	*lɯʔ
苡	*lɯʔ
苢	*lɯʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ljɯʔ) : semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 以 (OC *lɯʔ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sì (si⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄙˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ci⁵
Min Dong (BUC): sê̤ṳ
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): sāi / sǐr / sū / sī

(Teochew, Peng'im): se⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sì
  - Zhuyin: ㄙˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sìh
  - Wade–Giles: ssŭ⁴
  - Yale: sz̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syh
  - Palladius: сы (sy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ci⁵
  - Yale: chíh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsi⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: qi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː¹³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sê̤ṳ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /søy²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sāi
  - Tâi-lô: sāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sai
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sai²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sai³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐr
  - Tâi-lô: sǐr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sū
  - Tâi-lô: sū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: su
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /su³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /su²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sī
  - Tâi-lô: sī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: si
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕi²²/

Note:

sāi - vernacular;
sǐr/sū/sī - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: se⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɯ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /zɨX/

Rime
Character	似
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	詳里切
Baxter	ziX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/zɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/zɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/zie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zɨ^X/
Li Rong	/ziə^X/
Wang Li	/zĭə^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/zi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*sə.ləʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ljɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	似
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sì
Middle Chinese	‹ zi^X ›
Old Chinese	/*sə.ləʔ/
English	resemble
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	似
Reading #	1/1
No.	14925
Phonetic component	以
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	似
Old Chinese	/*ljɯʔ/
Notes	說文做佀金文從臺

Definitions

似

to be like; to be similar to; to resemble
類似／类似 ― lèisì ― similar; similar to

相似 ― xiāngsì ― similar

你似唔似你阿媽㗎？ [Cantonese, trad.]
你似唔似你阿妈㗎？ [Cantonese, simp.]
nei⁵ ci⁵ m⁴ ci⁵ nei⁵ aa³ maa¹ gaa³? [Jyutping]
Do you look like your mom?
Used in conjunction with another adjective in a comparison that the first object/person is in a better position than the second.
他的點子真多，一個好似一個。 [MSC, trad.]
他的点子真多，一个好似一个。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā de diǎnzi zhēn duō, yīge hǎosì yīge. [Pinyin]
He has so many ideas, each one better than the next.
as if; it seems that...
似乎 ― sìhū ― as if
^† to give; to present
^† Alternative form of 嗣 (sì, “to inherit”).
^† Alternative form of 以 (yǐ).

Synonyms

(to be like):

Dialectal synonyms of 像 (“to be like; to be similar to; to resemble”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		似
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		像
Mandarin	Taiwan	像
	Yantai (Muping)	像
	Wanrong	像
	Wuhan	像
	Chengdu	像
	Guilin	像
	Malaysia	像
	Singapore	像
Cantonese	Guangzhou	似
	Hong Kong	似
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	似
	Singapore (Guangfu)	似
Gan	Nanchang	像
Gan	Lichuan	像
Jin	Taiyuan	像
Min Dong	Fuzhou	像
Min Nan	Xiamen	像
	Taipei	像
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	像
	Kaohsiung	像
	Yilan	像
	Changhua (Lukang)	像
	Taichung	像
	Tainan	像
	Hsinchu	像
	Kinmen	像
	Penghu (Magong)	像
	Singapore (Hokkien)	𫝛, macam
	Chaozhou	然
	Shantou	然
	Jieyang	然
	Singapore (Teochew)	然, macam
	Batam (Teochew)	然, macam
	Haikou	像
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	像
Wu	Danyang	像
Wu	Ningbo	像, 像人家, 像家

(as if):

edit

Synonyms of 似

不啻 (bùchì) (literary)
似乎 (sìhū)
似如 (Xiang)
像 (xiàng)
像是 (xiàngshì)
好似 (hǎosì)
好像 (hǎoxiàng)
好比 (hǎobǐ)
如同 (rútóng)
宛 (wǎn) (Classical Chinese, or compounds only)
宛如 (wǎnrú) (literary)
宛然 (wǎnrán) (literary)
宛若 (wǎnruò) (literary)
就像 (jiùxiàng)
忽如 (hūrú) (literary)
恍若 (huǎngruò)
敢若 (Min Nan)

敢若是 (Min Nan)
有如 (yǒurú) (formal)
甲像 (Min Nan)
甲像是 (Min Nan)
看上去 (kàn shàngqù)
看似 (kànsì)
若 (ruò) (Classical Chinese, or compounds only)
若像 (Min Nan)
表面上 (biǎomiànshang)
象 (xiàng)
貌似 (màosì)
像係／像系 (Hakka)
儼如／俨如 (yǎnrú) (literary)
儼然／俨然 (yǎnrán)
儼若／俨若 (yǎnruò) (literary)
勝如／胜如 (Wu)

彷彿／仿佛 (fǎngfú)
猶似／犹似 (yóusì) (literary)
猶像／犹像 (yóuxiàng) (literary)
猶如／犹如 (yóurú) (formal)
甲親像／甲亲像 (Min Nan)
看來／看来 (kànlái)
看樣子／看样子 (kànyàngzi)
看起來／看起来 (kànqilai)
若親像／若亲像 (Min Nan)
親像／亲像 (Hakka, Min Nan)
賽可／赛可 (Ningbo)
較像／较像 (Min Nan)
較像是／较像是 (Min Nan)
較親像／较亲像 (Min Nan)
顯得／显得 (xiǎnde)
𣍐輸／𫧃输 (bē-su) (Min Nan)

Compounds

Derived terms from 似

一似 (yīsì)
不似
不弱似
似乎 (sìhū)
似懂非懂
似是而非 (sìshì'érfēi)
似玉如花
似箭如梭
似醉如痴
何似
假似
匹似
反不似
大似
好似 (hǎosì)
形似 (xíngsì)
得似
恰似 (qiàsì)
恰便似
悄似
情深似海
意意似似
把似

春深似海
暴雷也似
比似
活似真的
熟似 (se̍k-sāi)
疑似 (yísì)
目似明星
相似 (xiāngsì)
相似形 (xiāngsìxíng)
眉似春山
神似 (shénsì)
肖似
貌似 (màosì)
近似 (jìnsì)
近似值 (jìnsìzhí)
酷似 (kùsì)
韶光似箭
大奸似忠
似曾相識／似曾相识 (sìcéngxiāngshí)
似水如魚／似水如鱼
似漆如膠／似漆如胶
似續／似续
光陰似水／光阴似水

光陰似箭／光阴似箭 (guāngyīn sì jiàn)
前程似錦／前程似锦 (qiánchéngsìjǐn)
前途似錦／前途似锦
勝似／胜似 (shèngsì)
匹似閑／匹似闲
呆似木雞／呆似木鸡
大姦似忠／大奸似忠
好語似珠／好语似珠
客似雲來／客似云来 (kèsìyúnlái)
強似／强似 (qiángsì)
手寫辨似／手写辨似
撥風也似／拨风也似
歸心似箭／归心似箭 (guīxīnsìjiàn)
渾不似／浑不似
渾似／浑似
潑天也似／泼天也似
爭似／争似
目似點漆／目似点漆
相似詞／相似词
脣似抹硃／唇似抹朱
譬似閑／譬似闲
類似／类似 (lèisì)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shì, sì

(Zhuyin): ㄕˋ, ㄙˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shì
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
  - Wade–Giles: shih⁴
  - Yale: shr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
  - Palladius: ши (ši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sì
  - Zhuyin: ㄙˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sìh
  - Wade–Giles: ssŭ⁴
  - Yale: sz̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syh
  - Palladius: сы (sy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵¹/

Definitions

似

Only used in 似的 (shìde, “like”).

Japanese

Kanji

似

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)
Kan-on: し (shi)
Kun: にる (niru, 似る, Jōyō); にせる (niseru, 似せる); にたり (nitari); ごとし (gotoshi, 似し)

Korean

Hanja

似 (eum 사 (sa))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

似: Hán Nôm readings: tự, tợ, tựa, từa

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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