悄然

Chinese

		quiet; sad	so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (悄然)		悄	然
simp. ^#(悄然)		悄	然

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiǎorán

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄠˇ ㄖㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ciu² jin⁴
Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): ciao² riang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiǎorán
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˇ ㄖㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎorán
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiao³-jan²
  - Yale: chyǎu-rán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheauran
  - Palladius: цяожань (cjaožanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰjɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ʐän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ciu² jin⁴
  - Yale: chíu yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu² jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: qiu² yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːu̯³⁵ jiːn²¹/
Min Nan
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ciao² riang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiáu jiâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiau⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/

Adverb

悄然

(literary) sorrowfully; sadly
(literary) quietly; softly

Adjective

悄然

(literary) distressed; laden with grief; sad

Synonyms

edit

Synonyms of 悄然

京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
刺心 (cìxīn)
哀切 (āiqiè)
哀怨 (āiyuàn)
哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
哀痛 (āitòng)
心酸 (xīnsuān)
悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
悲哀 (bēi'āi)
悲戚 (bēiqī)
悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
悲痛 (bēitòng)
悲苦 (bēikǔ)
愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
沉痛 (chéntòng)
痛心 (tòngxīn)
酸心 (suānxīn)
青凊 (Min Nan)
黯然 (ànrán)
傷心／伤心 (shāngxīn)
傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
傷感／伤感 (shānggǎn)
傷懷／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
傷痛／伤痛 (shāngtòng)
傷神／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
哀傷／哀伤 (āishāng)
哀悽／哀凄 (āiqī)
哀慟／哀恸 (āitòng)
悱惻／悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)

悲傷／悲伤 (bēishāng)
悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
悲愴／悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
悲慘／悲惨 (bēicǎn)
悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
悽惶／凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
悽愴／凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
悽戚／凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
情傷／情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
惻然／恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
愀愴／愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
感傷／感伤 (gǎnshāng)
愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
慘／惨 (cǎn)
慘悽／惨凄 (cǎnqī)
慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
憂傷／忧伤 (yōushāng)
憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
憂戚／忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
懤懤／㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
淒切／凄切 (qīqiè)
淒惻／凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
淒慘／凄惨 (qīcǎn)
淒楚／凄楚 (qīchǔ)
淒涼／凄凉 (qīliáng)
淒然／凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
難受／难受 (nánshòu)
難過／难过 (nánguò)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
悄	然
しょう Hyōgaiji	ぜん Grade: 4
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しょーぜん [shòózéń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕo̞ːzẽ̞ɴ]

Adjective

悄(しょう)然(ぜん) • (shōzen) ^{←せうぜん (seuzen)^?} ^†-tari, adnominal 悄(しょう)然(ぜん)たる (shōzen taru), adverbial 悄(しょう)然(ぜん)と (shōzen to) or 悄(しょう)然(ぜん)として (shōzen to shite)

Inflection

Classical conjugation of "悄然たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	悄然たら	せうぜんたら	seuzentara
Continuative (連用形)	悄然と^[1] 悄然たり^[2]	せうぜんとせうぜんたり	seuzento seuzentari
Terminal (終止形)	悄然たり	せうぜんたり	seuzentari
Attributive (連体形)	悄然たる	せうぜんたる	seuzentaru
Realis (已然形)	悄然たれ	せうぜんたれ	seuzentare
Imperative (命令形)	悄然たれ	せうぜんたれ	seuzentare
Key constructions
Negative	悄然たらず	せうぜんたらず	seuzentarazu
Contrasting conjunction	悄然たれど	せうぜんたれど	seuzentaredo
Causal conjunction	悄然たれば	せうぜんたれば	seuzentareba
Conditional conjunction	悄然たらば	せうぜんたらば	seuzentaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	悄然たりき	せうぜんたりき	seuzentariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	悄然たりけり	せうぜんたりけり	seuzentarikeri
Adverbial	悄然と	せうぜんと	seuzento
^[1]Without auxiliary verb. ^[2]With auxiliary verb.

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN