憾

憾	U+61BE, 憾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61BE

← 憽
[U+61BD]

CJK Unified Ideographs

憿 →
[U+61BF]

Translingual

Han character

憾 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 心戈口心 (PIRP), four-corner 9303₅, composition ⿰忄感)

References

KangXi: page 405, character 4

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11312

Dae Jaweon: page 745, character 15

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2360, character 12

Unihan data for U+61BE

Chinese

trad.		憾
simp. ^#		憾
2nd round simp.		𰑞
alternative forms		感

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (咸) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
感	*kɯːmʔ
鱤	*kɯːmʔ
顑	kʰɯːmʔ, ŋɡrɯːms
轗	kʰɯːmʔ, kʰɯːms
撼	*ɡɯːmʔ
憾	*ɡɯːms
喊	qʰaːmʔ, qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
緘	*krɯːm
瑊	krɯːm, kjum
黬	krɯːm, ŋɡrɯːm
減	krɯːmʔ, ɡrɯːmʔ
羬	ŋɡrɯːm, ɡram
麙	*ŋɡrɯːm
咸	*ɡrɯːm
鹹	*ɡrɯːm
醎	*ɡrɯːm
諴	*ɡrɯːm
椷	*ɡrɯːm
輱	*ɡrɯːm
鍼	ɡam, ɡram, *kjɯm
箴	*kjɯm
葴	*kjɯm
鱵	*kjum

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡɯːms) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 感 (OC *kɯːmʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): hàn (han⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ

(Chengdu, SP): han⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): ham⁶
Min Dong (BUC): hâng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hām

(Teochew, Peng'im): ham⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
  - Wade–Giles: han⁴
  - Yale: hàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
  - Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: han⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xan²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ham⁶
  - Yale: hahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ham⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hem⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm²²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɑŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hām
  - Tâi-lô: hām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ham
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ham²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ham⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ham³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ham³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ham⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hăm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ham³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ɦʌm^H/

Rime
Character	憾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡紺切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʌm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦəm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɒm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəm^H/
Li Rong	/ɣᴀm^H/
Wang Li	/ɣɒm^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣăm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kˤ[ə]mʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	憾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hom^H ›
Old Chinese	/*N-kˁ[ə]mʔ-s/
English	dissatisfied
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憾
Reading #	1/1
No.	13504
Phonetic component	咸
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	憾
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯːms/

Definitions

憾

to hate; to resent
to regret
憾事 ― hànshì ― regrettable matter
- 是使民養生喪死無憾也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  是使民养生丧死无憾也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Shì shǐ mín yǎng shēng sàng sǐ wú hàn yě. [Pinyin]
  [T]his enables the people to nourish their living and mourn for their dead, without any feeling against any.

Compounds

宿憾
憾事 (hànshì)
憾恨
抱憾 (bàohàn)

欿憾
缺憾 (quēhàn)
抱憾終生／抱憾终生 (bàohànzhōngshēng)
無憾／无憾 (wúhàn)

終身遺憾／终身遗憾
遺憾／遗憾 (yíhàn)
遺珠之憾／遗珠之憾
釋憾／释憾 (shìhàn)

Japanese

Kanji

憾

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

remorse

Readings

Go-on: ごん (gon)
Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
Kun: うらむ (uramu, 憾む)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
憾
かん Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 憾 (MC ɦʌm^H).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Affix

憾(かん) • (kan)

remorse; regret

Korean

Hanja

憾 (eum 감 (gam))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

憾: Hán Nôm readings: hám, hóm, gớm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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