親

See also: 亲
親 U+89AA, 親
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-89AA
← 覩
[U+89A9]
CJK Unified Ideographs 覫 →
[U+89AB]

Translingual

Japanese 親
Simplified 亲
Traditional 親

Han character

親 (Kangxi radical 147, 見+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜木月山山 (YDBUU), four-corner 06910, composition ⿰亲見)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 1136, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34918
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1602, character 35
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3671, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+89AA

Chinese

trad. 親
simp. 亲*
alternative forms
 
媇
𧡘
𡩁
𡪔
𢾉
媇
𧡘
𡩁
𡪔
𢾉
𧠍
𧠸
𧡿

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 親
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script

Bronze script: phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰin, *sʰins) : phonetic 辛 (OC *siŋ) + semantic 見 (“see”).

Seal script: phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰin, *sʰins) : phonetic 𣓀 + semantic 見 (“see”).

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • chhiⁿ/chheⁿ - vernacular;
  • chhin - literary.

Rime
Character 親
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七人切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sʰiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sʰin/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sʰjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sʰin/
Li
Rong
/t͡sʰiĕn/
Wang
Li
/t͡sʰĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sʰi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
can1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 親
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qīn
Middle
Chinese
‹ tshin ›
Old
Chinese
/*[tsʰ]i[n]/
English close; parents

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 親
Reading # 1/2
No. 13804
Phonetic
component
辛
Rime
group
眞
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
親
Old
Chinese
/*sʰin/
Notes 說文親(同榛)聲
Definitions

親

  1. ⁜ paternal relatives
  2. intimate; bosom; closely acquainted; beloved; dear
  3. parent(s); father and/or mother
  4. relatives; blood or marriage relation
  5. related by blood; blood (brothers, sisters)
  6. marriage; matrimony
  7. to be close to; to become intimate with
  8. to fraternise with; to support or endorse; pro-
    今以汝為親魏倭王。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
    今以汝为亲魏倭王。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
    From: Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3rd century CE
    Jīn yǐ rǔ wéi qīn wèi wō wáng. [Pinyin]
    You [Himiko] shall be the Ruler of Wa, Friendly to Wei.
  9. to approach; to go near; to get in touch with
  10. to kiss; to brush one's lips against
  11. personally; in person; with one's own (body part)
  12. close person; reliable person; intimate friend
  13. accurate; true
  14. 34th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "kinship" (𝌧)
  15. (Mainland China, Internet, customer service) dear sir or madam
  16. Alternative form of 新 (xīn, “to renew; to replace”).
  17. a surname
Synonyms
Compounds

Pronunciation 2


Note: Irregular, due to assimilation by the following velar k- initial of 家.

Rime
Character 親
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七遴切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sʰiɪnH/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sʰinH/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sʰjenH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sʰinH/
Li
Rong
/t͡sʰiĕnH/
Wang
Li
/t͡sʰĭĕnH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sʰi̯ĕnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qìn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
can3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 親
Reading # 2/2
No. 13806
Phonetic
component
辛
Rime
group
眞
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
親
Old
Chinese
/*sʰins/
Definitions

親

  1. Only used in 親家/亲家 (qìngjia, “one's child's parents-in-law”) and related terms.
Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 親 – see 嚫.
(This character, 親, is a variant form of 嚫.)

References

Japanese

Kanji

親

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. parent, elder

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
親
おや
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
祖

From Old Japanese.[1] Cognate with or derived from Old Japanese verb 老ゆ (oyu, “to become old”, modern 老いる oiru), from the idea of one's elders.[2]

First cited in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

親(おや) • (oya) 

  1. [from 720] a parent
  2. [from 1001] the originator or founder of a school, company, or other organization
  3. [from 1001] the boss or leader
  4. [from 1809] the larger one of several objects of the same kind
  5. [from 1686] (hanafuda, card games, by extension, board games) the dealer, (gambling) the banker
    Coordinate term: 子 (ko)
  6. [from 712] one's ancestors, one's forebears

Idioms

References

  1. “親・祖”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  2. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  5. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 親 (MC t͡sʰiɪn, t͡sʰiɪnH). Recorded as Middle Korean 친 (chin) (Yale: chin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 親 (eumhun 친할 친 (chinhal chin))

  1. Hanja form? of 친 (“intimate”).
  2. Hanja form? of 친 (“relative; parent”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

親: Hán Nôm readings: thân

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