不得

Chinese

		not; no	get; obtain; gain get; obtain; gain; proper; suitable; proud; contented; allow; permit; ready; finished; a sentence particle used after a verb to show effect; degree or possibility; to have to; must; ought to; to need to
simp. and trad. (不得)		不	得

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bùdé

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bat¹ dak¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): put-tet
Min Nan (POJ): put-tek / put-tiak

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bùdé
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bùdé
  - Wade–Giles: pu⁴-tê²
  - Yale: bù-dé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buder
  - Palladius: будэ (budɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bat¹ dak¹
  - Yale: bāt dāk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bat⁷ dak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: bed¹ deg¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐt̚⁵ tɐk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: put-tet
  - Hakka Romanization System: bud` ded`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bud⁵ ded⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /put̚² tet̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-tek
  - Tâi-lô: put-tik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: putdeg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /put̚³²⁻⁴ tiɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /put̚³²⁻⁵ tiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-tiak
  - Tâi-lô: put-tiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: putdiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /put̚⁵⁻²⁴ tiak̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: /pɨu|pɨu^X|pɨut̚ tək̚/

Rime
Character	不	不	不	得
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	幫 (1)	幫 (1)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	尤 (136)	文 (60)	登 (131)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III	I
Fanqie	甫鳩切	方久切	分勿切	多則切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨu/	/pɨu^X/	/pɨut̚/	/tək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/piu/	/piu^X/	/piut̚/	/tək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/piəu/	/piəu^X/	/piuət̚/	/tək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puw/	/puw^X/	/put̚/	/tək̚/
Li Rong	/piu/	/piu^X/	/piuət̚/	/tək̚/
Wang Li	/pĭəu/	/pĭəu^X/	/pĭuət̚/	/tək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯ə̯u/	/pi̯ə̯u^X/	/pi̯uət̚/	/tək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fōu	fǒu	fu	de
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau¹	fau²	fat¹	dak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pə tˤək/

(Zhengzhang): /*pɯ|pɯʔ|pɯ' tɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	不	得
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bù	dé
Middle Chinese	‹ pjuw ›	‹ tok ›
Old Chinese	/*pə/	/*tˁək/
English	not	obtain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	不	不	不	得
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
No.	1025	1029	1048	2165
Phonetic component	不	不	不	得
Rime group	之	之	物	職
Rime subdivision	0	0	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	不	缶	弗	德
Old Chinese	/*pɯ/	/*pɯʔ/	/*pɯ'/	/*tɯːɡ/
Notes		象花柎與本同源	中古才促化

Verb

不得

(auxiliary) must not; should not; not be allowed
不得亂扔垃圾。／不得乱扔垃圾。 ― Bùdé luàn rēng lājī. ― No littering.

不得隨地吐痰。／不得随地吐痰。 ― Bùdé suídì tǔtán. ― No spitting.

不得躺臥。／不得躺卧。 ― Bùdé tǎngwò. ― No lying down here.

未成年人不得入內。 [MSC, trad.]
未成年人不得入内。 [MSC, simp.]
Wèichéngniánrén bùdé rùnèi. [Pinyin]
Admittance for adults only.

非緊急情況不得停留。 [MSC, trad.]
非紧急情况不得停留。 [MSC, simp.]
Fēi jǐnjí qíngkuàng bùdé tíngliú. [Pinyin]
Emergency stop only.
to not receive
很多工人都是終日勞作卻不得溫飽。 [MSC, trad.]
很多工人都是终日劳作却不得温饱。 [MSC, simp.]
Hěn duō gōngrén dōu shì zhōngrì láozuò què bùdé wēnbǎo. [Pinyin]
Many workers work all day without being able to meet their basic needs for living.
- 窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。求之不得，寤寐思服。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yǎotiǎo shūnǚ, wùmèi qiú zhī. Qiú zhī bùdé, wùmèi sīfú. [Pinyin]
  The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady:
  Waking and sleeping, he sought her.
  He sought her and found her not,
  And waking and sleeping he thought about her.

Synonyms

(must not): (literary) 不容 (bùróng)

Derived terms

不得不 (bùdébù)
不得了 (bùdéliǎo)
不得人心 (bùdérénxīn)
不得已 (bùdéyǐ)

不得而知 (bùdé'érzhī)
哭笑不得 (kūxiàobùdé)
永世不得翻身 (yǒngshì bùdé fānshēn)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bude, bùde, bùdé, budé

(Zhuyin): ˙ㄅㄨ ˙ㄉㄜ, ㄅㄨˋ ˙ㄉㄜ, ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ, ˙ㄅㄨㄉㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bat¹ dak¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bude
  - Zhuyin: ˙ㄅㄨ ˙ㄉㄜ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bůde̊
  - Wade–Giles: pu⁵-tê⁵
  - Yale: bu-de
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bu.de
  - Palladius: будэ (budɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /b̥u d̥ə¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bùde
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ˙ㄉㄜ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bùde̊
  - Wade–Giles: pu⁴-tê⁵
  - Yale: bù-de
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bu.de
  - Palladius: будэ (budɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu⁵¹ d̥ə¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bùdé
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bùdé
  - Wade–Giles: pu⁴-tê²
  - Yale: bù-dé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buder
  - Palladius: будэ (budɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: budé
  - Zhuyin: ˙ㄅㄨㄉㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bůdé
  - Wade–Giles: pu⁵-tê²
  - Yale: bu-dé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buder
  - Palladius: будэ (budɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /b̥u tɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bat¹ dak¹
  - Yale: bāt dāk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bat⁷ dak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: bed¹ deg¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐt̚⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

Verb

不得

complement placed after a verb to express impossibility or inability; cannot; be unable to

Derived terms

使不得 (shǐbùdé)
做不得
受不得 (shòubude)
巴不得 (bābudé)
怪不得 (guàibude)
恨不得 (hènbude)

求生不得，求死不能 (qiúshēng bùdé, qiúsǐ bùnéng)
看不得 (kànbudé)
不得其門而入／不得其门而入 (bùdé qí mén ér rù)
動彈不得／动弹不得
顧不得／顾不得 (gùbude)

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