兜

兜 U+515C, 兜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-515C
← 兛
[U+515B]
CJK Unified Ideographs 兝 →
[U+515D]

Translingual

Han character

兜 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹女竹山 (HVHU), four-corner 77217).

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 125, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1386
  • Dae Jaweon: page 265, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 273, character 16
  • Unihan data for U+515C

Chinese

simp. and trad.
兜
alternative forms 兠/兜

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 兜



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 𠑹 (“cover”) + 皃 (“head”): a helmet.

Etymology 1

Baxter and Sagart (2014) suggests a connection to 頭 (OC *[m-t]ˤo, “head”). See there for more.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • tau - vernacular;
  • to͘ - literary.

Rime
Character 兜
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 當侯切
Baxter tuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/təu/
Pan
Wuyun
/təu/
Shao
Rongfen
/təu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/təw/
Li
Rong
/tu/
Wang
Li
/təu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
dōu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
dau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 兜
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
dōu
Middle
Chinese
‹ tuw ›
Old
Chinese
/*tˁo/
English helmet, hood

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 兜
Reading # 1/1
No. 2449
Phonetic
component
兜
Rime
group
侯
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
兠
Old
Chinese
/*toː/

Definitions

兜

  1. helmet; hood
  2. helmet-shaped
  3. armor
  4. to wrap in a bag; to encase; to carry in a wrap
  5. bag; pouch; plastic bag
  6. pocket
  7. to pocket; to keep; to retain; to acquire dishonestly
  8. to reach
  9. to move around; to move in a circle
    兜嚟兜去 [Cantonese]  ―  dau1 lai4 dau1 heoi3 [Jyutping]  ―  to pace around; to walk around here and there
  10. to canvass; to solicit
    兜生意  ―  dōu shēngyi  ―  to solicit business
  11. to take responsibility for
  12. to relate in detail
  13. to peddle; to hawk
  14. (Hokkien) home
  15. (Hokkien) nearby
  16. (Singapore Hokkien) place; side; location
    這兜/这兜 [Hokkien]  ―  chit-tau [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  this place; this side; this location
  17. (Cantonese) flat or shallow container; flat or shallow bowl
    揸兜 [Cantonese]  ―  zaa1 dau1 [Jyutping]  ―  to beg on the streets (literally "to hold a shallow bowl")
    入啲餸落個兜 [Cantonese, trad.]
    入啲𩠌落个兜 [Cantonese, simp.]
    jap6 di1 sung3 lok6 go3 dau1 [Jyutping]
    put the food into the container
  18. (Cantonese) to contain; to hold in a container; to hold with one's hand(s) in a horizontal positional
    快啲搵個嘢嚟兜住啲水,等佢唔好再滴落嚟! [Cantonese, trad.]
    快啲揾个嘢嚟兜住啲水,等佢唔好再滴落嚟! [Cantonese, simp.]
    faai3 di1 wan2 go3 je5 lai4 dau1 zyu6 di1 seoi2, dang2 keoi5 m4 hou2 zoi3 dik6 lok6 lai4! [Jyutping]
    Quickly find something that could hold the water, so that it won't drip ever again!
  19. (Cantonese) to make a detour; to deviate
  20. (Cantonese, of routes or journeys) indirect; lengthy; with detours or deviations
  21. (Cantonese) to explain one's way out of a bad situation
    你講到咁離譜,而家點兜都兜唔返。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    你讲到咁离谱,而家点兜都兜唔返。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 gong2 dou3 gam3 lei4 pou2, ji4 gaa1 dim2 dau1 dou1 dau1 m4 faan1. [Jyutping]
    You've gone too far with what you said. There's no way to get it right.
  22. (Cantonese) Classifier for things put in a flat or shallow container.
    兩兜冷飯/两兜冷饭 [Cantonese]  ―  loeng5 dau1 laang5 faan6 [Jyutping]  ―  two containers of leftover rice
  23. (Cantonese) to hit with one's limbs, in a curved trajectory; to slap (someone); to kick
    兜巴星 [Cantonese]  ―  dau1 baa1 sing1 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)

Synonyms

Compounds

  • 兜胸
  • 兜膝
  • 兜路
  • 兜鍪 (dōumóu)
  • 冤兜
  • 帽兜子
  • 揸兜
  • 漏兜
  • 肚兜 (dùdōu)
  • 阿兜眼
  • 兜剿
  • 傴兜/伛兜
  • 兜來兜去/兜来兜去
  • 兜兒/兜儿 (dōur)
  • 兜兜嘴兒/兜兜嘴儿
  • 兜兜褲兒/兜兜裤儿
  • 兜底兒/兜底儿
  • 兜得轉/兜得转
  • 兜攬/兜揽 (dōulǎn)
  • 兜攬生意/兜揽生意
  • 兜率天宮/兜率天宫
  • 兜率宮/兜率宫
  • 兜籠/兜笼
  • 兜紗/兜纱
  • 兜羅/兜罗 (dōuluó)
  • 兜肚兒/兜肚儿
  • 兜臉/兜脸
  • 兜襠/兜裆
  • 兜轎/兜轿
  • 兜銷/兜销
  • 兜頭/兜头
  • 兜頭蓋臉/兜头盖脸 (dōutóugàiliǎn)
  • 兜風/兜风 (dōufēng)
  • 圍兜/围兜 (wéidōu)
  • 慲兜/𰒆兜
  • 暖雲兜/暖云兜
  • 橋兜/桥兜 (Qiáodōu)
  • 觀音兜/观音兜
  • 露兜樹/露兜树

Pronunciation


Definitions

兜

  1. (Hakka) some; a few; a little; a bit (an indefinite amount)
  2. (Hakka) Plural marker for pronouns.
Synonyms
  • (plural marker for pronouns): 們/们 (men); (Cantonese) 哋

Compounds

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji

兜

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

  • Go-on: つ (tsu); と (to)
  • Kan-on: とう (tō)
  • Kun: かぶと (kabuto, 兜)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
兜
かぶと
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
冑
甲
兜 (kabuto): a traditional Japanese helmet.

From Old Japanese. Found in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE with the reading kaputo.[1]

Derivation currently unknown.

  • A surface analysis might suggest a derivation from 被る (kaburu, “to wear something on the head”). However, that reading derives from older form kagafuru and does not appear until 850,[1] some time after the first appearance of kabuto.
  • An alternative analysis might suggest a compound of 頭 (kabu, “head”, kun'yomi and native Japanese term) +‎ 兜 (to, “helmet”, on'yomi and borrowing from Chinese). However, the “head” sense with the kabu reading does not appear until near the end of the Muromachi period.[1]
  • Word-medial bilabial plosives usually underwent lenition, shifting along the lines of /p/ → /f/ → /w/, then vanishing altogether except where the following vowel was /a/. This lenition often did not happen at morpheme boundaries in compound words. The persistence of the /b/ in kabuto might thus suggest that this term was originally a compound of ka + puto. The ka element is uncertain, possibly the か (ka-) intensifying prefix added to adjectives; Old Japanese puto would be the stem and root of modern 太い (futoi, “thick; fat; stout”), possibly in reference to the protective strength provided by a helmet. This puto would then have undergone rendaku (連濁) to become buto.
Compare the phonology of adjective か細い (kabosoi, “very slender”), composed of this ka- prefix and adjective 細い (hosoi, ancient pososi) and demonstrating a similar retention of the bilabial plosive and rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

Noun

兜(かぶと) • (kabuto) 

  1. helmet

Derived terms

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

兜 (eum 두 (du))

  1. (투구 두, tugu-): helmet (especially, made of iron)

Synonyms

See also

Vietnamese

Han character

兜: Hán Nôm readings: đâu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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