諷刺

See also: 讽刺 and 風刺

Chinese

		satirize	thorn; sting; prick thorn; sting; prick; pierce; stab; thrust; assassinate; murder
trad. (諷刺)		諷	刺
simp. (讽刺)		讽	刺

Etymology

Attestable from at least the Northern and Southern dynasties (420–589). In modern Chinese, popularised as reborrowed from Japanese 諷刺(ふうし) (fūshi).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fěngcì, fèngcì

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄥˇ ㄘˋ, ㄈㄥˋ ㄘˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fung³ ci³, fung² ci³
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hóng-chhì / hong-chhì

(Teochew, Peng'im): hong³ ceng³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fěngcì
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˇ ㄘˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fǒngcìh
  - Wade–Giles: fêng³-tzʻŭ⁴
  - Yale: fěng-tsz̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feengtsyh
  - Palladius: фэнцы (fɛncy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fèngcì
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˋ ㄘˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fòngcìh
  - Wade–Giles: fêng⁴-tzʻŭ⁴
  - Yale: fèng-tsz̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenqtsyh
  - Palladius: фэнцы (fɛncy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fung³ ci³, fung² ci³
  - Yale: fung chi, fúng chi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fung³ tsi³, fung² tsi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fung³ qi³, fung² qi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊŋ³³ t͡sʰiː³³/, /fʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʰiː³³/

Note: fung2 ci3 - variant.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng-chhì
  - Tâi-lô: hóng-tshì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hofngchix
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰi²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰi²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-chhì
  - Tâi-lô: hong-tshì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hongchix
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ t͡ɕʰi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡ɕʰi²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hong³ ceng³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hòng tshṳ̀ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hoŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰɯŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /pɨuŋH t͡sʰiᴇH/

Rime
Character	諷	刺
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	方鳳切	七賜切
Baxter	pjuwngH	tshjieH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨuŋ^H/	/t͡sʰiᴇ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/piuŋ^H/	/t͡sʰiɛ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/piuŋ^H/	/t͡sʰjɛ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puwŋ^H/	/t͡sʰiə̆^H/
Li Rong	/piuŋ^H/	/t͡sʰie^H/
Wang Li	/pĭuŋ^H/	/t͡sʰǐe^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯uŋ^H/	/t͡sʰie̯^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fèng	cì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fung³	ci³

Verb

諷刺

(transitive) to satirise; to mock; to ridicule

Synonyms

Synonyms of 諷刺

剾洗／𠛅洗 (khau-sé) (Min Nan)
剾褻／𠛅亵 (Min Nan)
取樂／取乐 (qǔlè)
呾笑話／呾笑话 (Teochew)
嘲諷／嘲讽 (cháofěng)
嘲謔／嘲谑 (cháoxuè)
巴銳／巴锐 (Min Nan)
恥笑／耻笑 (chǐxiào)
戲弄／戏弄 (xìnòng)
戲謔／戏谑 (xìxuè)
損／损 (sǔn) (colloquial)
擺弄／摆弄 (bǎinòng)
湊趣／凑趣 (còuqù)
笑話／笑话 (xiàohuà)
見笑／见笑 (jiànxiào)
調笑／调笑 (tiáoxiào)
謔潲／谑潲 (Min Nan)
謔燒／谑烧 (Min Nan)
講笑／讲笑 (Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien)
講耍笑／讲耍笑 (Min Nan)
譏刺／讥刺 (jīcì)
譏嘲／讥嘲 (jīcháo)
譏笑／讥笑 (jīxiào)
譏誚／讥诮 (jīqiào) (literary)
譏諷／讥讽 (jīfěng)
起鬨／起哄 (qǐhòng)
輕體／轻体 (Min Nan)
開心／开心 (kāixīn)
開涮／开涮 (kāishuàn) (colloquial)
開玩笑／开玩笑 (kāi wánxiào)
鬧玩笑／闹玩笑 (nào wánxiào)
𠢕滾／𠢕滚 (Min Nan)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
諷	刺
ふう Hyōgaiji	し Grade: S
goon	on’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 諷刺 – see the following entry.

【風刺ふうし】

[noun] satire

[noun] irony; sarcasm

[verb] to satirize

(This term, 諷刺, is an alternative (obsolete) spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
諷	刺

Noun

諷刺 • (pungja) (hangeul 풍자)

Hanja form^? of 풍자 (“satire; sarcasm”).

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