造成

Chinese

		to make; to build; to invent to make; to build; to invent; to manufacture	finish; complete; accomplish finish; complete; accomplish; become; turn into; win; succeed; one tenth
trad. (造成)		造	成
simp. ^#(造成)		造	成

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zàochéng

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˋ ㄔㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zou⁶ sing⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chho-sṳ̀n
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chō-sêng

(Teochew, Peng'im): zao⁶ sêng⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zàochéng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ ㄔㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zàochéng
  - Wade–Giles: tsao⁴-chʻêng²
  - Yale: dzàu-chéng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzawcherng
  - Palladius: цзаочэн (czaočɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zou⁶ sing⁴
  - Yale: jouh sìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzou⁶ sing⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: zou⁶ xing⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sou̯²² sɪŋ²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    做成
    造成
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chho-sṳ̀n
  - Hakka Romanization System: co siinˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: co⁴ sin²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo⁵⁵ sɨn¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chō-sêng
  - Tâi-lô: tsō-sîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoixseeng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡so²²⁻²¹ ɕiɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡so⁴¹⁻²² ɕiɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡so²²⁻²¹ ɕiɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡so³³⁻¹¹ ɕiɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ³³⁻²¹ ɕiɪŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zao⁶ sêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsău sêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sau³⁵⁻¹¹ seŋ⁵⁵/

Verb

造成

to bring about; to cause; to lead to (typically a negative outcome)
造成後果／造成后果 ― zàochéng hòuguǒ ― to have consequences

三角肌攣縮症通常是由反复肌肉注射或外傷所造成的。 [MSC, trad.]
三角肌挛缩症通常是由反复肌肉注射或外伤所造成的。 [MSC, simp.]
Sānjiǎojī luánsuōzhèng tōngcháng shì yóu fǎnfù jīròu zhùshè huò wàishāng suǒ zàochéng de. [Pinyin]
Deltoid muscle contracture is usually caused by repeated intramuscular injections or trauma.

急轉彎以避免撞到動物是造成車禍的主要原因。 [MSC, trad.]
急转弯以避免撞到动物是造成车祸的主要原因。 [MSC, simp.]
Jízhuǎnwān yǐ bìmiǎn zhuàng dào dòngwù shì zàochéng chēhuò de zhǔyào yuányīn. [Pinyin]
Swerving to avoid animals is a major cause of crashes.

所有問題都係佢造成嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
所有问题都系佢造成嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]
so² jau⁵ man⁶ tai⁴ dou¹ hai⁶ keoi⁵ zou⁶ sing⁴ ge³. [Jyutping]
They are responsible for every single problem here.
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: to make (into); to create; to produce.
- 文藝就把這種日常的現象集中起來，把其中的矛盾和鬥爭典型化，造成文學作品或藝術作品 [MSC, trad.]
  文艺就把这种日常的现象集中起来，把其中的矛盾和斗争典型化，造成文学作品或艺术作品 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1942, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《在延安文藝座談會上的講話》 (Talks at the Yenan Forum on Literature and Art), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
  Wényì jiù bǎ zhè zhǒng rìcháng de xiànxiàng jízhōng qǐlái, bǎ qízhōng de máodùn hé dòuzhēng diǎnxínghuà, zàochéng wénxué zuòpǐn huò yìshù zuòpǐn [Pinyin]
  Writers and artists concentrate such everyday phenomena, typify the contradictions and struggles within them and produce works of literature and art […]

Synonyms

(to bring about):

edit

使到 (shǐdào)
使得 (shǐde)
招致 (zhāozhì)
致 (zhì) (literary, or in compounds)
致使 (zhìshǐ)

導致／导致 (dǎozhì)
誘／诱 (yòu) (literary, or in compounds)
誘發／诱发 (yòufā)
釀成／酿成 (niàngchéng) (a negative outcome)
闖／闯 (chuǎng) (a negative outcome)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
造	成
ぞう Grade: 5	せい Grade: 4
on’yomi

Noun

造(ぞう)成(せい) • (zōsei)

(construction) site preparation, development of lots

Verb

造(ぞう)成(せい)する • (zōsei suru) transitive suru (stem 造(ぞう)成(せい)し (zōsei shi), past 造(ぞう)成(せい)した (zōsei shita))

develop land for housing lots
盛土(もりつち)により造成(ぞうせい)された土地(とち)
moritsuchi ni yori zōsei sareta tochi
land reclaimed by raising the ground level

Conjugation

Conjugation of "造成する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	造成し	ぞうせいし	zōsei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	造成し	ぞうせいし	zōsei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	造成する	ぞうせいする	zōsei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	造成する	ぞうせいする	zōsei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	造成すれ	ぞうせいすれ	zōsei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	造成せよ¹ 造成しろ²	ぞうせいせよ¹ ぞうせいしろ²	zōsei seyo¹ zōsei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	造成される	ぞうせいされる	zōsei sareru
Causative	造成させる造成さす	ぞうせいさせるぞうせいさす	zōsei saseru zōsei sasu
Potential	造成できる	ぞうせいできる	zōsei dekiru
Volitional	造成しよう	ぞうせいしよう	zōsei shiyō
Negative	造成しない	ぞうせいしない	zōsei shinai
Negative continuative	造成せず	ぞうせいせず	zōsei sezu
Formal	造成します	ぞうせいします	zōsei shimasu
Perfective	造成した	ぞうせいした	zōsei shita
Conjunctive	造成して	ぞうせいして	zōsei shite
Hypothetical conditional	造成すれば	ぞうせいすれば	zōsei sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
造	成

Verb

造成

chữ Hán form of tạo thành (“to create; to make; to build”).

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