欠

See also: 缺

欠	U+6B20, 欠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B20

← 欟
[U+6B1F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

次 →
[U+6B21]

⽋	U+2F4B, ⽋ KANGXI RADICAL LACK

← ⽊
[U+2F4A]

Kangxi Radicals

⽌ →
[U+2F4C]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

欠 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 弓人 (NO), four-corner 2780₂, composition ⿱⺈人)

Kangxi radical #76, ⽋.

Derived characters

Appendix:Chinese radical/欠
㐸, 吹, 坎, 𫰑, 𢁧, 弞, 𢓑, 忺, 扻, 㳄, 𤝆, 𬮼, 杴, 𣧋, 𣬴, 炊, 㸝, 𤘯, 𤜹, 㺵, 肷, 𥎯, 砍, 𮂸, 𪉁, 𥸷, 䊻, 缼, 𫆁, 𦥞, 𠲭, 𢆘, 㰷, 𮗦, 䚿, 赥, 赼, 𧿞, 軟(软), 𨠅, 𨱟, 𮮅, 欽(钦), 𣶙, 𩉢, 𩎗, 飲(飮, 饮), 𮩹, 䯉, 𩲟, 漱, 𨖯, 𨼤, 𩵢, 𫜌, 𪌒, 𪕆, 𡁍, 𪖗, 𢸈, 𮯀, 𠑁, 𦆃, 龡, 𬩠
𭤠, 𣪄, 𤝀, 芡, 䇜, 𢇣, 𤴼, 𮤉, 𣪳, 燞, 䪠

References

KangXi: page 565, character 1

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15991

Dae Jaweon: page 953, character 35

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2133, character 1

Unihan data for U+6B20

Chinese

simp. and trad.		欠
alternative forms		㐸

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 欠
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (欠) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
坎	kʰoːmʔ, kʰoːms
扻	*kʰoːmʔ
砍	*kʰoːmʔ
芡	*ɡromʔ
欠	*kʰoms
杴	*qʰom
鍁	*qʰam

Pictogram (象形) – a kneeling person with mouth open.

The reversed version of this character is 㒫 > 旡 (e.g. 既), which must not be confused with 无.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiàn (qian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): him³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): him¹
Gan (Wiktionary): qien³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khiam

(Meixian, Guangdong): kiam⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): qie³
Min Bei (KCR): ki̿ng
Min Dong (BUC): kiéng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khiàm

(Teochew, Peng'im): kiam³ / kiêm³ / kiang³
Wu (Wiktionary): ²qi
Xiang (Wiktionary): qienn⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciàn
  - Wade–Giles: chʻien⁴
  - Yale: chyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiann
  - Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰjɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: him³
  - Yale: him
  - Cantonese Pinyin: him³
  - Guangdong Romanization: him³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːm³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: him¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /him³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qien³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiɛn²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiam
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiam
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯am⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kiam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /cʰiam⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: qie³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰie⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ki̿ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiŋ³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kiéng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiɛŋ²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàm
  - Tâi-lô: khiàm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiaxm
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰiam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰiam²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰiam¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kiam³ / kiêm³ / kiang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiàm / khièm / khiàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiam²¹³/, /kʰiem²¹³/, /kʰiaŋ²¹³/

Note:

kiam3 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping;
kiêm3 - Chaozhou;
kiang3 - Chenghai.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ²qi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: qienn⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiẽ⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kʰɨɐmH/

Rime
Character	欠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	嚴 (145)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去劔切
Baxter	khjaemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨɐm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiɐm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiɐm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨam^H/
Li Rong	/kʰiɐm^H/
Wang Li	/kʰĭɐm^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ɐm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	him³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰ(r)om-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰoms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	欠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ khjom^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʰ(r)om-s/
English	yawn
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	欠
Reading #	1/1
No.	10274
Phonetic component	欠
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kʰoms/
Notes	原列梵韻依王韻改釅

Definitions

欠

to yawn
to lack; to be deficient
to owe
to ask for; to beg for
欠揍 ― qiànzòu ― asking for a beating
(Wuhan) to miss somebody

Synonyms

(to lack):

edit

Synonyms of 欠

不敷 (bùfū) (literary)
不足 (bùzú)
欠缺 (qiànquē)
短少 (duǎnshǎo)
短缺 (duǎnquē)
缺乏 (quēfá)

缺如 (quērú) (literary)
缺少 (quēshǎo)
缺欠 (quēqiàn)
缺缺 (Min Nan)
不夠／不够 (bùgòu)
不滿／不满 (bùmǎn)

乏達／乏达 (Min Nan)
匱乏／匮乏 (kuìfá)
絕乏／绝乏 (juéfá) (literary)
虧／亏 (kuī)
闕乏／阙乏 (quēfá) (literary)
闕如／阙如 (quērú) (literary)

(to owe):

Dialectal synonyms of 欠 (“to owe”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		欠
Mandarin	Beijing	該, 欠
	Taiwan	欠
	Harbin	欠, 該
	Yantai (Muping)	欠, 該
	Jinan	該, 欠, 短
	Luoyang	欠, 該, 爭
	Xi'an	爭, 該
	Yinchuan	欠, 該
	Xining	欠, 該
	Ürümqi	欠, 該, 短
	Wuhan	該, 差
	Chengdu	爭, 該, 欠
	Guiyang	爭, 該, 欠
	Guilin	欠
	Xuzhou	少, 該
	Yangzhou	差, 該, 空
	Nanjing	空, 該, 欠
	Hefei	該, 差
	Malaysia	欠
	Singapore	欠
Cantonese	Guangzhou	爭, 欠
	Hong Kong	爭, 欠
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	爭
	Macau	爭
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	爭
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	爭
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	爭
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	爭
	Foshan	爭
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	爭
	Foshan (Shunde)	爭
	Foshan (Sanshui)	爭
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	欠
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	爭
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	爭
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	欠
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	爭
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	爭
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	爭
	Taishan	爭
	Kaiping (Chikan)	爭
	Enping (Niujiang)	爭
	Heshan (Yayao)	爭
	Dongguan	爭
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	爭
	Yangjiang	欠, 爭
	Nanning	爭
	Yulin	爭
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	爭
Gan	Nanchang	該
	Lichuan	欠, 該
	Pingxiang	差, 少
Hakka	Meixian	欠, 爭
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	少
	Huiyang	少, 爭
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	爭
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	爭
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	差
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	欠
	Liannan	欠
	Conghua (Lütian)	欠, 爭
	Jiexi	欠
	Changting	欠
	Wuping	少
	Ninghua	欠
	Yudu	欠
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	欠
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	欠
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	欠
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	欠
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	欠
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	欠
	Hong Kong	爭
Huizhou	Jixi	欠
Jin	Taiyuan	該, 短
Jin	Xinzhou	該, 短
Min Bei	Jian'ou	欠
Min Dong	Fuzhou	欠
Min Nan	Xiamen	欠
	Quanzhou	欠
	Zhangzhou	欠
	Taipei	欠 GT
	Singapore (Hokkien)	欠
	Chaozhou	欠
	Shantou	欠
	Singapore (Teochew)	欠
	Leizhou	欠, 該
	Haikou	欠
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	欠
Wu	Shanghai (Chongming)	欠, 該
	Suzhou	欠
	Danyang	欠
	Hangzhou	欠
	Wenzhou	欠, 爭
	Jinhua	欠
Xiang	Changsha	該, 欠
	Loudi	欠
	Shuangfeng	欠, 該
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

七拖八欠
下欠
呵欠 (hēqiàn)
哈欠 (hāqiàn)
嘴欠 (zuǐqiàn)
外欠
官欠
尾欠
手欠 (shǒuqiàn)
打呵欠 (dǎ hēqiàn)
打哈欠 (dǎ hāqian)
拖欠 (tuōqiàn)
撇欠
欠事
欠伸 (qiànshēn)
欠佳 (qiànjiā)
欠奉
欠契

欠好
欠妥 (qiàntuǒ)
欠安 (qiàn'ān)
欠少
欠情
欠揍 (qiànzòu)
欠收
欠格 (qiàngé, “abessive case”)
欠款 (qiànkuǎn)
欠火
欠租
欠缺 (qiànquē)
欠薪 (qiànxīn)
欠身 (qiànshēn)
短欠
索欠
缺欠 (quēqiàn)
兩不相欠／两不相欠 (liǎngbùxiāngqiàn)

只欠東風／只欠东风
呵欠連天／呵欠连天
懸欠／悬欠
掛欠／挂欠
欠債／欠债 (qiànzhài)
欠債還錢／欠债还钱
欠據／欠据 (qiànjù)
欠條／欠条 (qiàntiáo)
欠當／欠当
欠稅／欠税
欠繳／欠缴
欠資／欠资 (qiànzī)
欠資郵票／欠资邮票
積欠／积欠
落虧欠／落亏欠
虧欠／亏欠 (kuīqiàn)
賒欠／赊欠 (shēqiàn)
風欠／风欠

Japanese

Shinjitai	欠
Kyūjitai	缺

Kanji

欠

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 缺)

lack, shortage
to be absent
vacancy

Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 欠(けん) (ken) is used to spell words that etymologically feature 缺(けつ) (ketsu), for example 欠(けっ)席(せき) (kesseki) < 缺(けっ)席(せき) (kesseki). The kanji reading of 欠(けん) (ken) is uncommon and its most notable usage is in the word 欠(けん)缺(けつ) (kenketsu), which features both kanji.

Readings

Go-on: こん (kon)
Kan-on: けん (ken)
Kan’yō-on: けち (kechi); けつ (ketsu, Jōyō)
Kun: かく (kaku, 欠く, Jōyō); かける (kakeru, 欠ける, Jōyō); あくび (akubi, 欠)

Compounds

欠伸(あくび) (akubi)
欠(けつ)員(いん) (ketsuin)
欠(けっ)格(かく) (kekkaku)
欠(けっ)陥(かん) (kekkan)
欠(けっ)勤(きん) (kekkin)
欠(けつ)如(じょ) (ketsujo)
欠(けっ)席(せき) (kesseki)
欠(けっ)席(せき)裁(さい)判(ばん) (kesseki saiban)
欠(けっ)損(そん) (kesson)
欠(けつ)番(ばん) (ketsuban)
欠(けつ)乏(ぼう) (ketsubō), 欠(けつ)乏(ぼく) (ketsuboku)
欠(けん)缺(けつ) (kenketsu, “lack”)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
欠
あくび Grade: 4
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 欠 – see the following entry.

【あくび】

[noun] 欠, 欠伸: [from 901] a yawn, yawning

[noun] 欠: the 欠 element in kanji characters

[verb] to yawn

Alternative spellings
欠, 欠伸

(This term, 欠, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

欠 (eumhun 하품 흠 (hapum heum))

Hanja form^? of 흠 (“yawn”).

Compounds

흠결 (欠缺, heumgyeol, “deficiency, lack”)
흠신 (欠伸, heumsin, “yawn and stretch”)

Vietnamese

Han character

欠: Hán Nôm readings: khiếm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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