寂寞

Chinese

		lonesome	lonesome
trad. (寂寞)		寂	寞
simp. ^#(寂寞)		寂	寞

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìmò, jímò

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄇㄨㄛˋ, ㄐㄧˊ ㄇㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zik⁶ mok⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sit-mok
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): che̍k-bo̍k / chia̍k-bo̍k / chi̍p-bo̍k / siok-bo̍k / chi̍t-bo̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): sog⁴ mog⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìmò
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄇㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìmò
  - Wade–Giles: chi⁴-mo⁴
  - Yale: jì-mwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jihmoh
  - Palladius: цзимо (czimo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jímò
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ ㄇㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jímò
  - Wade–Giles: chi²-mo⁴
  - Yale: jí-mwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyimoh
  - Palladius: цзимо (czimo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    寂寞
    籍沒／籍没
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zik⁶ mok⁶
  - Yale: jihk mohk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁹ mok⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: jig⁶ mog⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚² mɔːk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sit-mok
  - Hakka Romanization System: xid` mog`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xid⁵ mog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /ɕit̚² mok̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: che̍k-bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsi̍k-bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zegbok
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪk̚⁴⁻³² bɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Singapore): /t͡sek̚⁴³⁻²¹ bɔk̚⁴³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chia̍k-bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsia̍k-bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciagbok
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiak̚²⁴⁻² bɔk̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi̍p-bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsi̍p-bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cibbok
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕip̚⁴⁻³² bɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕip̚²⁴⁻² bɔk̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siok-bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: siok-bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siokbok
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi̍t-bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsi̍t-bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cidbok
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕit̚⁴⁻³² bɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sog⁴ mog⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sok mo̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sok̚²⁻⁴ mok̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: /d͡zek̚ mɑk̚/

Rime
Character	寂	寞
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	青 (127)	唐 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	I
Fanqie	前歷切	慕各切
Baxter	dzek	mak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zek̚/	/mɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zek̚/	/mɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɛk̚/	/mɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɛjk̚/	/mak̚/
Li Rong	/d͡zek̚/	/mɑk̚/
Wang Li	/d͡ziek̚/	/mɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱiek̚/	/mɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jí	mò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zik⁶	mok⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*zlɯːwɢ maːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	寂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ dzek ›
Old Chinese	/*s-[d]ˁiwk/
English	quiet
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寂	寞
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11734	9255
Phonetic component	尗	莫
Rime group	覺	鐸
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	寂	莫
Old Chinese	/*zlɯːwɢ/	/*maːɡ/

Adjective

寂寞

lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
孤單寂寞／孤单寂寞 ― gūdān jìmò ― solitary and lonesome
- 寂寞的雨聲捶阮心肝 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  寂寞的雨声捶阮心肝 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 1999, 江蕙 (Jody Chiang), 落雨聲
  siok-bo̍k ê hō͘-siaⁿ tûi gún sim-koaⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  The lonesome pitter-patter beats my chest.
- 一路寂寞，不願繼續流浪孤單 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  一路寂寞，不愿继续流浪孤单 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 2008, 詹雅雯, 真愛等一個人
  chi̍t-lō͘ siok-bo̍k, m̄-goān kè-sio̍k liû-lōng ko͘-toaⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  The whole journey [I] was lonely; [I] am not willing to continue wandering alone.
- 只有借著追憶安慰寂寞的靈魂 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  只有借著追忆安慰寂寞的灵魂 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 2015, 陳百潭 and 曹雅雯 (Olivia Tsao), 相思痕
  chí-ū chioh-tio̍h tui-ek an-ùi siok-bo̍k ê lêng-hûn [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  [I can] only use my recollections to comfort my desolate soul.
- 只有寂寞陪阮歸下晡 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  只有寂寞陪阮归下晡 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 2013, 許富凱 (Henry Hsu), 阿里加多
  chí-ū siok-bo̍k pôe gún kui ē-po͘ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  Only loneliness was with me the whole afternoon
- 聽這條寂寞寫的歌，乎心疼痛 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  听这条寂寞写的歌，乎心疼痛 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 2014, 蕭煌奇 (Hsiao Huang-Chi), 命運點歌 (Destiny Calling)
  thiaⁿ chit tiâu siok-bo̍k siá ê koa, hō͘ sim thàng-thiàⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  Listen to this song written by loneliness to feel the pain in your heart
- 寂寞的氣味已經霸佔阮歸暝 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  寂寞的气味已经霸占阮归暝 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 2016, 王萊, 窗外的雨聲
  siok-bo̍k ê khì-bī í-keⁿ pà-chiàm gún kui-mî [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  The smell of loneliness has occupied my whole night
quiet; still

Synonyms

(lonely):

edit

孤孑 (gūjié) (literary)
孤寂 (gūjì)
寂寥 (jìliáo)
挑另 (Min Nan)

索寞 (suǒmò) (literary or Min Dong)
落寞 (luòmò)
孤單／孤单 (gūdān)
孤獨／孤独 (gūdú)

(quiet):

edit

Synonyms of 寂寞

和平 (hépíng)
嗼寂 (mòjì)
安恬 (āntián) (literary)
安生 (ānshēng)
安靖 (ānjìng) (literary)
定著 (Min Nan)
寂寥 (jìliáo)
寂然 (jìrán) (literary)
平和 (pínghé)
恬 (tián) (literary or Min Nan, Hakka)
恬倓 (tiántán)
恬淡 (tiándàn)
悄悄 (qiāoqiāo)
沉寂 (chénjì)
安謐／安谧 (ānmì) (literary)

安靜／安静 (ānjìng)
寂靜／寂静 (jìjìng)
寧靜／宁静 (níngjìng)
平靜／平静 (píngjìng)
幽靜／幽静 (yōujìng)
恬謐／恬谧 (tiánmì) (literary)
恬靜／恬静 (tiánjìng)
沉靜／沉静 (chénjìng)
清淨／清净 (qīngjìng)
清靜／清静 (qīngjìng)
自靜／自静 (Jin)
靜寂／静寂 (jìngjì)
靜寂寂／静寂寂 (Min Nan)
靜悄悄／静悄悄 (jìngqiāoqiāo)
靜生生／静生生 (Min Nan)

Derived terms

不甘寂寞 (bùgānjìmò)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (寂寞):

→ Japanese: 寂寞(せきばく) (sekibaku)
→ Korean: 적막(寂寞) (jeongmak)
→ Vietnamese: tịch mịch (寂寞)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
寂	寞
せき Grade: S	ばく Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せきばく [sèkíbákú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [se̞kʲiba̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

寂(せき)寞(ばく) • (sekibaku)

loneliness, desolation

Adjective

寂(せき)寞(ばく) • (sekibaku) ^†-tari (adnominal 寂(せき)寞(ばく)とした (sekibaku to shita) or 寂(せき)寞(ばく)たる (sekibaku taru), adverbial 寂(せき)寞(ばく)と (sekibaku to) or 寂(せき)寞(ばく)として (sekibaku to shite))

lonely, desolate

References

1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
寂	寞

Noun

寂寞 • (jeongmak) (hangeul 적막)

Hanja form^? of 적막 (“loneliness, desolation”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
寂	寞

Adjective

寂寞

chữ Hán form of tịch mịch (“solitary, silent, quiet”).

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[NHK-1] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN