糟

See also: 蹧
糟 U+7CDF, 糟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CDF
← 糞
[U+7CDE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 糠 →
[U+7CE0]

Translingual

Han character

糟 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 火木廿田日 (FDTWA), four-corner 95966, composition ⿰米曹)

References
  • KangXi: page 912, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27104
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1339, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3158, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+7CDF

Chinese
trad. 糟
simp. # 糟
2nd round simp. 𮇘

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 糟
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (曹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
遭 *ʔsluː
糟 *ʔsluː
醩 *ʔsluːu
傮 *ʔsluː
槽 *ʔsluː, *zluː
曹 *zluː
螬 *zluː
漕 *zluː, *zluːs
嘈 *zluː
艚 *zluː
褿 *zluː
蓸 *zluː
慒 *lju, *zluːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsluː) : semantic 米 + phonetic 曹 (OC *zluː).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • cho/chau(Quanzhou) - literary;
  • chau - vernacular.
Note:
  • zao1 - literary;
  • zo1 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 糟
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 作曹切
Baxter tsaw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sɑu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sɑu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sɑu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡saw/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sɑu/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sɑu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sɑu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zāo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zou1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 糟
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zāo
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsaw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ts]ˁu/
English dregs

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 糟
Reading # 1/1
No. 1150
Phonetic
component		 曹
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 糟
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔsluː/

Definitions

糟

  1. alcohol dregs
  2. to preserve food in alcohol or alcohol dregs
  3. (informal) awful; messy; terrible; in bad shape
  4. to decay; to decompose; to spoil
  5. (literary, or in compounds) to damage; to cause destruction to; to harm

Synonyms
  • (awful):
Dialectal synonyms of 壞 (“bad; not good”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 惡
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 壞
Mandarin Beijing 壞, 賴
Taiwan 壞
Jinan 壞, 孬, 賴
Xi'an 瞎, 壞
Wuhan 壞, 拐
Chengdu 壞
Yangzhou 壞
Hefei 壞
Malaysia 壞
Singapore 壞
Cantonese Guangzhou 壞, 弊, 衰
Hong Kong 壞, 衰
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 衰
Yangjiang 壞
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 衰
Singapore (Guangfu) 衰
Gan Nanchang 壞
Hakka Meixian 壞
Wuhua (Meilin) 衰
Jin Taiyuan 賴, 壞
Min Bei Jian'ou 壞, 獰
Min Dong Fuzhou 呆, 否
Min Nan Xiamen 歹, 䆀
Xiamen (Tong'an) 歹
Quanzhou 歹
Jinjiang 歹
Nan'an 歹
Shishi 歹
Zhangzhou 䆀
Zhao'an 䆀, 孬
Tainan 歹
Penang (Hokkien) 䆀, 歹
Singapore (Hokkien) 歹
Manila (Hokkien) 歹
Datian 歹
Chaozhou 孬
Shantou 孬
Jieyang 孬, 歹
Singapore (Teochew) 歹, 孬
Leizhou 㾀
Wenchang 㾀
Haikou 㾀
Singapore (Hainanese) 㾀
Wu Shanghai 壞, 恘
Suzhou 壞, 恘
Ningbo 歪, 推扳, 嘸做
Wenzhou 毛
Xiang Changsha 壞, 拐
Shuangfeng 壞, 拐
  • (to decay):
Synonyms of 糟
  • (to damage):
Synonyms of 糟

Compounds
Derived terms from 糟

Japanese

Kanji
糟

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Definitions
Kanji in this term
糟
かす
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 糟 – see the following entry.
【かすカス】
[noun] [from 934] 粕, 糟: in sake production, the dregs or lees left over after extracting the liquid from the fermented rice mash
[noun] [from 1820] 粕, 糟: (figurative) a scolding, terrible criticism (only used in this sense in the set phrase 粕(かす)を食(く)う, 糟(かす)を食(く)う (kasu o kuu, literally “to eat the dregs”))
Alternative spellings
粕, 糟, かす
(This term, 糟, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

糟 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

糟: Hán Nôm readings: tao[1], tào[1]

  1. (literary, only used in compound tao khang) alcohol dregs

References
  1. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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