脫

See also: 脱 and 挩
脫 U+812B, 脫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-812B
← 脪
[U+812A]
CJK Unified Ideographs 脬 →
[U+812C]

Translingual

Han character

脫 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月金口山 (BCRU) or X月金口山 (XBCRU), four-corner 78216, composition ⿰⺼兌(HT) or ⿰月兌(GK))

Derived characters

  • 𢴎, 𦢴, 𦸍, 𪷄, 𫌎, 𭊕

References

  • KangXi: page 984, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29539
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1436, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2081, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+812B

Chinese

trad. 脫/脱
simp. 脱
alternative forms 挩/捝
說/说

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

Within Chinese, cognate with 蛻 (OC *l̥ʰoːds, “exuviae (skin cast off during molting)”), 愉 (OC *lo, “relax > happy, pleased”), 悅 (OC lod, “contented”), 說 (OC *hljod, “to speak, to explain”), 說 (OC *hljods, “to persuade”), 偷 (OC *l̥ʰoː, “to steal”), 奪 (OC *Cə.lˁot, “to rob, to snatch”);
Outside Chinese, cognate with Tibetan གློད་པ (glod pa, “loosen, relax, slacken”), Tibetan [script needed] (hlod pa, “loose, relaxed”), Lepcha [script needed] (flját, fljót), Burmese လွှတ် (hlwat), Burmese ချွတ် (hkywat).

In its use in Northern Wu languages, such as Shanghainese, Suzhounese, and Ningbonese, it is likely from a grammaticalisation of the verb. Cognate with 落 (Wuxi, Changzhou) and 掉 (Haining, Danyang)

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • thut/thoah - vernacular;
  • thoat - literary.
Note: tug4 - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 脫
Mandarin Beijing /tʰuo⁵⁵/
Harbin /tʰuo⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tʰuo²¹/
Jinan /tʰuə²¹³/
Qingdao /tʰuə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /tʰuo²⁴/
Xi'an /tʰuo²¹/
Xining /tʰu⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tʰuə¹³/
Lanzhou /tʰuə¹³/
Ürümqi /tʰuɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /tʰuo²¹³/
Chengdu /tʰo³¹/
Guiyang /tʰo²¹/
Kunming /tʰo³¹/
Nanjing /tʰoʔ⁵/
Hefei /tʰuɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰuaʔ²/
Pingyao /tʰuʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /tʰuaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /tʰoʔ⁵/
Suzhou /tʰəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /tʰoʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /tʰø²¹³/
Hui Shexian /tʰɔʔ²¹/
Tunxi /tʰuːə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /tʰo²⁴/
Xiangtan /tʰo²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /tʰɵʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /tʰot̚¹/
Taoyuan /tʰot̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰyt̚³/
Nanning /tʰyt̚³³/
Hong Kong /tʰyt̚³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tʰuat̚³²/
/tʰut̚³²/
/tʰuaʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tʰɔuʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tʰɔ²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /tʰuk̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hut̚⁵/ ~帽
/hut̚³/ ~手

Rime
Character 脫 脫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 定 (7) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 桓 (64) 桓 (64)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 徒活切 他括切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/duɑt̚/ /tʰuɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/dʷɑt̚/ /tʰʷɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/duɑt̚/ /tʰuɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/dwat̚/ /tʰwat̚/
Li
Rong
/duɑt̚/ /tʰuɑt̚/
Wang
Li
/duɑt̚/ /tʰuɑt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/dʱuɑt̚/ /tʰuɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
duó tuo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
dyut6 tyut3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 脫 脫
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
tuō tuō
Middle
Chinese
‹ dwat › ‹ thwat ›
Old
Chinese
/*lˁot/ /*mə-l̥ˁot/
English remove outer covering peel off

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 脫 脫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 2559 2566
Phonetic
component
兑 兑
Rime
group
月 月
Rime
subdivision
3 3
Corresponding
MC rime
侻 奪
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ʰoːd/ /*l'oːd/

Definitions

脫

  1. to take off (clothes); to peel off; to strip
  2. to get away from; to escape; to leave; to avoid
  3. to leave out; to miss; to omit
  4. rapid; swift; fast
  5. unaffected; free; at ease
  6. (Ningbonese, Shanghainese Wu) and
  7. (Northern Wu) Used to indicate a negative outcome to a verb.
Synonyms

Usage notes

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Thai: ถอด (tɔ̀ɔt)

Pronunciation 2



Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 脫
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
tuō
Middle
Chinese
‹ dwajH ›
Old
Chinese
/*lˁot-s/
English easy, leisurely

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

脫

  1. Used in 脫脫/脱脱 (“carefree”).
  2. Alternative form of 蛻/蜕 (tuì, “(of skin) cast off”).
  3. a surname

References

Japanese

Shinjitai

脱

Kyūjitai

脫

Kanji

脫

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 脱)

  1. take off, remove
  2. escape, get away

Readings

Usage notes

This form is extremely rare in Japanese. The current form of 脱 has seen some use before 1946.

Further reading

Korean

Hanja

脫 • (tal, tae) (hangeul 탈, 태, McCune–Reischauer t'al, t'ae, Yale thal, thay)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

脫: Hán Nôm readings: thoát

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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