See also: and
U+51FA, 出
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51FA

[U+51F9]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+51FB]

Translingual

Stroke order
5 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 17, +3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 山山 (UU), four-corner 22772, composition or )

Derived characters

  • (U+5C80, Unorthodox variant)

References

  • KangXi: page 135, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1811
  • Dae Jaweon: page 301, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 307, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+51FA

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : (foot) + (cave) – to step out of a cave; to exit. Compare .

By the Qin dynasty, the character has lost its original shape. Based on the distorted form, Shuowen mistakenly interprets the character as a pictogram (象形) of a plant growing outwards.

Etymology 1

The Chinese term may be tentatively comparable to Burmese ထွက် (htwak, to go or come out; to produce or yield; to leave), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-twak (to come or go out; to emerge); the -t final may be particular to Chinese. This term may have been conflated with a descendant from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-(t/d)u (nephew; descendant) – whence the Burmese တူ (tu, nephew) – a sense no longer productive but was mentioned in the glossary book Erya, c. 2nd century BCE. (STEDT)

Pronunciation


Note:
  • cug4 - literary;
  • cuh4 - vernacular (dialectal).

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁴⁴/
/ʈ͡ʂʰu²⁴/ ~去
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹/
/t͡sʰu²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃʰu⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰu²⁴/
Xi'an /p͡fʰu²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰv̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰu¹³/
Lanzhou /p͡fʰu¹³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰu³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰu²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰu³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰuʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰuəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰuəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡sʰuʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰuəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sʰəʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sʰəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰəʔ⁵/
/t͡sʰz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰyʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡sʰə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɨʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰut̚¹/
Taoyuan /tʃʰut̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰøt̚⁵/
Nanning /t͡sʰyt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰøt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sʰut̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰouʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰy²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰuk̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sut̚⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (24) (24)
Final () (16) (52)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division () III III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕʰiuɪH/ /t͡ɕʰiuɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕʰʷiH/ /t͡ɕʰʷit̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕʰjuɪH/ /t͡ɕʰjuet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/cʰwiH/ /cʰwit̚/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕʰuiH/ /t͡ɕʰiuĕt̚/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕʰwiH/ /t͡ɕʰĭuĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕʰwiH/ /t͡ɕʰi̯uĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chuì chu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ceoi3 ceot1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
chū chuì
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsyhwit › ‹ tsyhwijH ›
Old
Chinese
/*t-kʰut/ /*t-kʰut-s/
English go or come out bring or take out

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 1545 1578
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3 2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰljuds/ /*kʰljud/

Definitions

  1. to go out; to leave; to exit
    Antonym: ()
       chūlái   to come out
       chūguó   to leave one's country
  2. to appear
    水落石   shuǐluòshíchū   the truth is revealed (literally, “the water recedes and the rocks appear”)
    論語·论语·   chū “Lùnyǔ Yōngyě”   It is from Yong Ye of the Analects.
  3. to come; to arrive
       chū   to attend
  4. to send out; to put forth
    題目题目   chū tímù   to set questions
       chūqián, wǒ chūlì.   You contribute money and I contribute my strength.
    主意 [MSC, trad.]
    主意 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ gěi tā chū le ge hǎo zhǔyì. [Pinyin]
    I came up with a good idea for him.
  5. to exceed
       Qiú chūjiè le.   The ball went out-of-bounds.
       chū yī nián   within one year
  6. to produce; to turn out
       chū méi   to produce coal
    他們學校高考狀元 [MSC, trad.]
    他们学校高考状元 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāmen xuéxiào chū le ge gāokǎo zhuàngyuán. [Pinyin]
    Their school produced a gaokao top scorer.
  7. to happen; to arise
    問題问题   chū wèntí   to have a problem
    大事   Chū dàshì le!   Something big happened!
  8. to vent
       chū   to sprout
       chūhàn   to sweat
    水痘   chū shuǐdòu   to have chickenpox
  9. (ergative) to publish; to be released (e.g. a product, film, or announcement)
    出版社 [MSC, trad.]
    出版社 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè běn shū shì nǎ jiā chūbǎnshè chū de? [Pinyin]
    Which publisher published this book?
    Windows 10已經 [Cantonese, trad.]
    Windows 10已经 [Cantonese, simp.]
    Windows 10 ji5 ging1 ceot1 zo2 jat1 nin4 [Jyutping]
    Windows 10 has already been out for a year
  10. to expend
    量入為量入为   liàngrùwéichū   to budget one’s expenses according to one’s income
  11. Particle placed after verbs to indicate an outward movement.
    身份證身份证   chū nǐ de shēnfènzhèng   take out your ID card
    香港   zǒuchū Xiānggǎng   to come out of Hong Kong
  12. Particle placed after verbs to indicate a completed action. to determine
    辦法办法   xiǎng bù chū bànfǎ   cannot come up with solutions
    分別問題 [Cantonese, trad.]
    分别问题 [Cantonese, simp.]
    tai2 m4 ceot1 jau5 me1 fan1 bit6 (man6 tai4) [Jyutping]
    don't see any difference (problem)
    味道 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    sik6 m4 ceot1 me1 mei6 dou3 [Jyutping]
    doesn't have any flavor

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“act; stanza; time, occasion; etc.”).
(This character, , is the simplified and variant traditional form of .)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun’yomi

The (れん)(よう)(けい) (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of the verb () (deru, to come out).

Pronunciation

Noun

() (de) 

  1. the process of something coming out
  2. something that comes out

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
しゅつ
Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC t͡ɕʰiuɪt̚, “to go or come out”).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) しゅ [shùtsúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ɕɨᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

(しゅつ) (shutsu) 

  1. being from a certain place
  2. coming out

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Contraction of verb 出ず (izu, to go or come out, obsolete)

Verb

() (zu)  (du)?nidan

  1. (obsolete) to go or come out

Usage notes

The 出る (deru) form is now the standard term for this in modern Japanese.

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese (MC t͡ɕʰiuɪt̚).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448튫〮 (Yale: {{{2}}}), 츓〮 (Yale: chyúlq), ᄎᆏᆼ〮 (Yale: {{{2}}})
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 (Yale: {{{2}}}) (Yale: chyul)
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 (Yale: {{{2}}}) (Yale: chyul)
Seokbong Cheonjamun, 1583 (Yale: {{{2}}}) (Yale: chyul)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource (eumhun (nal chul))

  1. Hanja form? of (to come out; to go out).
Compounds

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese / .

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource (eumhun 단락 (dallak cheok))

  1. Alternative form of (Hanja form? of (act, scene, as of a play or movie).)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: xuất, xúy/xuý

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.