吉

See also: 𠮷, 喆, 吿, 告, 古, 舌, and 舎
吉 U+5409, 吉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5409
← 合
[U+5408]
CJK Unified Ideographs 吊 →
[U+540A]

Translingual

Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

吉 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土口 (GR), four-corner 40601, composition ⿱士口)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 175, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3289
  • Dae Jaweon: page 389, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 576, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5409

Chinese

simp. and trad.
吉
alternative forms 𠮷

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 吉
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kjit (“happy; pleased”) (STEDT). Also compare Tibetan སྐྱིད་པ (skyid pa, “to be happy”) and Burmese ချစ် (hkyac, “to love, to be pleased”). (Schuessler, 2007).

Cantonese sense of “empty” arises from avoidance of 空 (hung1), which is homophonous to 凶 (hung1, “inauspicious”).

The Taiwanese Chinese sense of “to sue” arises from avoidance of 告 (gào, “to sue”), which is a typo form of it.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • Xiamen:
    • kiat - vernacular;
    • kit - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 吉
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
/t͡ɕi²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕi²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕji⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕi⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕi¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕie³¹/
/t͡ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kit̚¹/
Taoyuan /kit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐt̚⁵/
Nanning /kɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kɐt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kit̚³²/
/kiat̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ki²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kik̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kit̚⁵/

Rime
Character 吉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 眞 (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居質切
Baxter kjit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kit̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kit̚/
Li
Rong
/kiĕt̚/
Wang
Li
/kĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ki̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ji
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gat1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 吉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jí
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjit ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.qi[t]/ (*C.q- > *k-, escaping palatalization)
English auspicious

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吉
Reading # 1/1
No. 5692
Phonetic
component
吉
Rime
group
質
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
吉
Old
Chinese
/*klid/
Notes 甲文象供品在口表神佑吉利

Definitions

吉

  1. auspicious; lucky
    Antonym: 凶 (xiōng)
    吉利  ―  jílì  ―  auspicious; lucky
  2. good
  3. (Cantonese, euphemistic) empty
    Synonym: 空 (hung1)
    橫掂有間房吉咗喺度,不如租畀人住啊。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    横掂有间房吉咗喺度,不如租畀人住啊。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    waang4 dim6 jau5 gaan1 fong4-2 gat1 zo2 hai2 dou6, bat1 jyu4 zou1 bei2 jan4 zyu6 aa1. [Jyutping]
    Since there's an empty room, why don't we rent it out?
    交吉卷 [Cantonese]  ―  gaau1 gat1 gyun2 [Jyutping]  ―  Hand out an unanswered (empty) exam paper
  4. (Cantonese, euphemistic) emptiness; nothingness
    勞碌一生得個吉 [Cantonese, trad.]
    劳碌一生得个吉 [Cantonese, simp.]
    lou4 luk1 jat1 saang1 dak1 go3 gat1 [Jyutping]
    A lifetime of laborious hardworking amounts to nothing
  5. Short for 吉林 (Jílín, “Jilin Province”).
  6. a surname
  7. (Taiwan, Internet slang) to accuse; to sue; to file a lawsuit; to press charges
    這我一定吉/这我一定吉  ―  zhè wǒ yīdìng jí  ―  I will definitely sue for this
  8. (~縣) Ji County (a county of Linfen, Shanxi, China)

Descendants

  • → English: Ji

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

吉

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
吉
きち
Grade: S
on’yomi

Alternative forms

Noun

吉(きち) • (kichi) 

  1. good luck

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
吉
きつ
Grade: S
on’yomi

Noun

吉(きつ) • (kitsu) 

  1. Alternative form of 吉 (kichi, “good luck”)

Korean

Hanja

吉 (eumhun 길할 길 (gilhal gil))

  1. Hanja form? of 길 (“luck”).

Vietnamese

Han character

吉: Hán Việt readings: cát[1][2][3][4][5][6]
吉: Nôm readings: kiết[1][2]

  1. chữ Hán form of cát (“auspicious, lucky”).

References

  1. Génibrel (1898).
  2. Bonet (1899).
  3. Thiều Chửu (1942).
  4. Nguyễn (1974).
  5. Trần (1999).
  6. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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