肩

肩 U+80A9, 肩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80A9
← 肨
[U+80A8]
CJK Unified Ideographs 肪 →
[U+80AA]

Translingual

Japanese 肩
Simplified 肩
Traditional 肩

Alternative forms

The form differs between traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese, and Japanese shinjitai, as depicted at right. These are represented by the same Unicode code point; see Han unification.

  • Traditional Han: Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 月 + 戶; the body's gate.
  • Simplified Han: Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 月 + 户.
  • Japanese: Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 月 + 戸.

Han character

肩 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸月 (HSB) or 戈尸月 (ISB), four-corner 30227, composition ⿸戶月 or ⿸户月 or ⿸戸月)

References

  • KangXi: page 975, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29299
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1426, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2052, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+80A9

Chinese

trad. 肩
simp. # 肩

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 肩
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Etymology

Cognate with Proto-Kam-Sui *k-xiːn¹ (“arm”), Proto-Tai *qeːnᴬ (“arm”) (whence Thai แขน (kɛ̌ɛn, “arm”)) (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k(w/y)an (“shoulder”).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • keng/kaiⁿ/kuiⁿ/kan - vernacular;
  • kian - literary.
Note:
  • goin1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
  • gain1 - Jieyang, Chaoyang, Huilai, Puning.

Rime
Character 肩
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 古賢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ken/
Pan
Wuyun
/ken/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kɛn/
Li
Rong
/ken/
Wang
Li
/kien/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gin1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 肩
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiān
Middle
Chinese
‹ ken ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]ˁe[n]/
English shoulder (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 肩
Reading # 1/1
No. 6023
Phonetic
component
肩
Rime
group
元
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
堅
Old
Chinese
/*keːn/

Definitions

肩

  1. shoulders
    扛兩百斤麥子走十里山路不換肩 [MSC, trad.]
    扛两百斤麦子走十里山路不换肩 [MSC, simp.]
    From: Xi Jinping
    káng liǎng bǎi jīn màizǐ zǒu shílǐ shānlù bù huàn jiān [Pinyin]
    Shoulder 100kg of wheat and walk 5km of mountain trail without swapping shoulder.
  2. to shoulder; to undertake; to take on
  3. to bear

Synonyms

  • (shoulders):
  • (to bear):

Compounds

References

Japanese

Shinjitai 肩
Kyūjitai
[1]

肩󠄁
肩+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
肩󠄃
肩+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

肩

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. shoulder

Readings

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
肩
かた
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Noun

肩(かた) • (kata) 

  1. a shoulder
    • 2013 April 7 [Dec 9 2012], ONE; Murata, Yusuke, “3(さん)撃(げき)目(め) 災(さい)害(がい)存(そん)在(ざい) [3rd Hit: Existential Crisis]”, in ONEPUNCH-MAN(【ワンパンマン】) [One-Punch Man], volume 1 (fiction), 6th edition, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 53:
      肩(かた)!肩(かた)に 肩(かた)に乗(の)ってる奴(やつ)を殺(ころ)せ‼
      Kata! Kata ni Kata ni notteru yatsu o korose‼
      Shoulder! Your shoulder! Kill the bastard on your shoulder!!

References

  1. “肩”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
  2. 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 肩 (MC ken). Recorded as Middle Korean 견 (kyen) (Yale: kyen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 肩, eumhun 어깨 견 (eokkae gyeon)

  1. Hanja form? of 견 (“shoulder”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
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