酸

See also: 痠
酸 U+9178, 酸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9178
← 酷
[U+9177]
CJK Unified Ideographs 酹 →
[U+9179]

Translingual

Han character

酸 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一田戈金水 (MWICE), four-corner 13647, composition ⿰酉夋)

Derived characters

  • 𦾹, 𩆑

References

  • KangXi: page 1283, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39871
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1783, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3585, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+9178

Chinese

trad. 酸
simp. # 酸
2nd round simp. 夋

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sloːn) : semantic 酉 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *suːr ~ *swaːr (“sour; be acid”) (STEDT). Cognate with Mizo thûr (“acid; sour”).

Pronunciation


Note: lhon1* - “vinegar”.
Note:
  • sng/suiⁿ - vernacular;
  • soan - literary.

Rime
Character 酸
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 素官切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/suɑn/
Pan
Wuyun
/sʷɑn/
Shao
Rongfen
/suɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/swan/
Li
Rong
/suɑn/
Wang
Li
/suɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/suɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
suān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
syun1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 酸
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
suān
Middle
Chinese
‹ swan ›
Old
Chinese
/*[s]ˁor/
English sour

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 酸
Reading # 1/1
No. 16434
Phonetic
component
允
Rime
group
元
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
酸
Old
Chinese
/*sloːn/

Definitions

酸

  1. sour; tart
    酸葡萄  ―  suānpútáo  ―  sour grapes
  2. (chemistry) acid [from late 19th c.]
    鹽酸/盐酸  ―  yánsuān  ―  hydrochloric acid
    Antonym: 鹼/碱 (jiǎn)
  3. (Siyi Cantonese) vinegar
  4. sick at heart; grieved; sad
  5. Alternative form of 痠 (suān, “aching; sore; stiff”).
  6. stingy; miserly
  7. narrow-minded; pedantic
  8. spoiled; rancid
  9. to satirize; to ridicule
  10. (Internet slang) jealous; envious [from 2019]
    See also: 吃不到的葡萄是酸的, sour grapes
    See also: 醋, 吃醋
    alt. forms: 🍋
  11. a surname

Synonyms

  • (sour): (Yinchuan) 嘬 (chuài)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

酸

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. sour
  2. (chemistry) acid

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
酸
さん
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 酸 (suɑn).

Pronunciation

Noun

酸(さん) • (san) 

  1. sourness (quality or condition)
  2. (chemistry) acid

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
酸
す
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Noun

酸(す) • (su) 

  1. Alternative spelling of 酢 (“vinegar”)

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

酸 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

酸: Hán Nôm readings: toan[1]

  1. (chemistry, biochemistry) acid

Derived terms

References

  1. Trần (1999).
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