春
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Translingual
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|---|---|---|---|
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Alternative forms
There are minor differences in where the last stroke of the top component (top-left to bottom-right diagonal) starts – on the second horizontal stroke or on the third.
Han character
春 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手大日 (QKA), four-corner 50603, composition ⿱𡗗日)
Usage notes
- This character is not to be confused with 舂 (
U+8202) which is visually similar but unrelated.
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 493, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13844
- Dae Jaweon: page 856, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1496, character 10
- Unihan data for U+6625
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 春 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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 |
 |
 |
 |
Characters in the same phonetic series (屯) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 躉 | *tuːnʔ |
| 窀 | *rduːn, *duːn, *tun |
| 沌 | *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ |
| 盹 | *tuːnʔ, *tjuns |
| 頓 | *tuːns |
| 扽 | *tuːns |
| 黗 | *tʰuːn, *tʰuːnʔ |
| 吨 | *tʰuːnʔ |
| 屯 | *duːn, *tun |
| 飩 | *duːn |
| 豘 | *duːn |
| 軘 | *duːn |
| 坉 | *duːn |
| 邨 | *duːn, *stʰuːn |
| 忳 | *duːn |
| 芚 | *duːn |
| 庉 | *duːn, *duːnʔ |
| 囤 | *duːnʔ |
| 迍 | *tun |
| 杶 | *tʰun |
| 瑃 | *tʰun |
| 椿 | *tʰun |
| 偆 | *tʰunʔ, *tʰjunʔ |
| 肫 | *tjun |
| 訰 | *tjun, *tjuns |
| 純 | *tjunʔ, *djun |
| 春 | *tʰjun |
| 蠢 | *tʰjunʔ |
| 踳 | *tʰjunʔ |
| 惷 | *tʰjunʔ |
| 蒓 | *djun |
| 賰 | *hljunʔ |
| 鬊 | *hljuns |
Originally phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tʰjun) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun, “sprout”) + semantic 日 (“sun”). Later 艸 and 屯 merged into 𡗗.
The character 春 itself is probably a variant of 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun) as they are equivalent for the meaning “spring” in Old Chinese literature.
Etymology 1
| simp. and trad. |
春 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 萅 旾 㫩 𣈤 | |
Related to 芚 (OC *duːn, “(of plants) to begin to grow”) (Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Khmer ដុះ (doh, “to grow; to germinate; to sprout”), as well as 穿 (OC *kʰljon, *kʰljons, “to bore through”) (ibid.).
Pronunciation
Definitions
春
- spring (season)
- (literary) year; age
- spring scenery
- vitality; liveliness; energy; life
- 妙手回春 ― miàoshǒuhuíchūn ― to effect a miraculous cure and bring the dying back to life
- love; lust
- 有女懷春，吉士誘之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yǒu nǚ huái chūn, jíshì yòu zhī. [Pinyin]
- There is a young lady with thoughts natural to the spring,
And a fine gentleman would lead her astray.
有女怀春，吉士诱之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- a type of alcoholic drink which is fermented from spring to winter
See also
| Seasons in Chinese · 四季 (sìjì, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 春 (chūn, “spring”) | 夏 (xià, “summer”) | 秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”) | 冬 (dōng, “winter”) |
Compounds
- 一場春夢／一场春梦
- 一枝春
- 三春 (sānchūn)
- 三春暉／三春晖 (sānchūnhuī)
- 三春柳
- 不勝春／不胜春
- 中國之春／中国之春
- 九春
- 付之春夢／付之春梦
- 仲春
- 偷春
- 做春夢／做春梦
- 偷春體／偷春体
- 兩頭春／两头春
- 八月春
- 初春 (chūchūn)
- 剪春羅／剪春罗
- 化雨春風／化雨春风 (huàyǔchūnfēng)
- 北京之春
- 口角春風／口角春风
- 呂氏春秋／吕氏春秋 (Lǚshìchūnqiū)
- 吳越春秋／吴越春秋
- 咬春
- 四季如春 (sìjìrúchūn)
- 回復青春／回复青春
- 回春 (huíchūn)
- 回春作用
- 坐春風／坐春风
- 夜春
- 大地回春 (dàdìhuíchūn)
- 大春
- 大春元
- 如坐春風／如坐春风
- 如沐春風／如沐春风 (rúmùchūnfēng)
- 妙手回春 (miàoshǒuhuíchūn)
- 嬌若春花／娇若春花
- 子春之疾
- 季春 (jìchūn)
- 孟春
- 宜春 (Yíchūn)
- 宜春帖
- 宜春縣／宜春县
- 富春秋
- 寒木春華／寒木春华
- 寸草春暉／寸草春晖
- 小春 (xiǎochūn)
- 小陽春／小阳春
- 左氏春秋
- 常春藤 (chángchūnténg)
- 常遇春
- 幾度春風／几度春风
- 恆春半島／恒春半岛 (Héngchūn Bàndǎo)
- 恆春鎮／恒春镇
- 悲秋傷春／悲秋伤春
- 憐春／怜春
- 懷春／怀春 (huáichūn)
- 戰地春夢／战地春梦
- 手到回春
- 打春 (Dǎchūn)
- 拜春
- 探春
- 探春之宴
- 揮春／挥春
- 摸春牛
- 放春
- 新春 (xīnchūn)
- 早春 (zǎochūn)
- 春上 (chūnshang)
- 春不老
- 春丕峽／春丕峡
- 春事
- 春事闌珊／春事阑珊
- 春令 (chūnlìng)
- 春作
- 春來秋去／春来秋去
- 春信
- 春假 (chūnjià)
- 春元演習／春元演习
- 春光 (chūnguāng)
- 春光如海
- 春光明媚 (chūnguāngmíngmèi)
- 春光漏泄
- 春光融融
- 春冰 (chūnbīng)
- 春凳
- 春分 (Chūnfēn)
- 春分點／春分点
- 春勝／春胜
- 春化 (chūnhuà)
- 春化作用
- 春化處理／春化处理
- 春去秋來／春去秋来
- 春和景明 (chūnhéjǐngmíng)
- 春回大地 (chūnhuídàdì)
- 春困
- 春困秋乏
- 春夢／春梦 (chūnmèng)
- 春夢一場／春梦一场
- 春夢婆／春梦婆
- 春夢無痕／春梦无痕
- 春大麥／春大麦
- 春天 (chūntiān)
- 春季 (chūnjì)
- 春官
- 春宵
- 春宮／春宫 (chūngōng)
- 春宮圖／春宫图 (chūngōngtú)
- 春宵苦短
- 春寒
- 春寒料峭
- 春小麥／春小麦
- 春山 (chūnshān)
- 春山八字
- 春山如笑
- 春心 (chūnxīn)
- 春心蕩漾／春心荡漾
- 春心飛絮／春心飞絮
- 春忙
- 春思
- 春情 (chūnqíng)
- 春意 (chūnyì)
- 春意闌珊／春意阑珊 (chūnyìlánshān)
- 春捂秋凍／春捂秋冻
- 春捲／春卷 (chūnjuǎn)
- 春捲兒／春卷儿 (chūnjuǎnr)
- 春捲皮／春卷皮
- 春播 (chūnbō)
- 春方 (chūnfāng)
- 春旛
- 春日 (chūnrì)
- 春日遲遲／春日迟迟
- 春旱
- 春明
- 春景 (chūnjǐng)
- 春暉／春晖 (chūnhuī)
- 春暖花開／春暖花开 (chūnnuǎnhuākāi)
- 春暖花香
- 春曉／春晓 (chūnxiǎo)
- 春書／春书
- 春月 (chūnyuè)
- 春服 (chūnfú)
- 春望
- 春林
- 春條兒／春条儿
- 春榜
- 春榮／春荣
- 春樹暮雲／春树暮云
- 春歸／春归
- 春歸人老／春归人老
- 春氣／春气
- 春水 (chūnshuǐ)
- 春汛
- 春消息
- 春深似海
- 春游 (chūnyóu)
- 春滿人間／春满人间
- 春潮
- 春灌
- 春牛
- 春牛圖／春牛图
- 春生秋殺／春生秋杀
- 春申君
- 春申江 (Chūnshēnjiāng)
- 春畫／春画 (chūnhuà)
- 春畫兒／春画儿
- 春瘟
- 春盛擔子／春盛担子 (chūnshèng dànzi)
- 春盛食罍
- 春盤／春盘
- 春社 (chūnshè)
- 春祈秋報／春祈秋报
- 春祭 (chūnjì)
- 春禊
- 春秋 (chūnqiū)
- 春秋三傳／春秋三传 (Chūnqiū Sānzhuàn)
- 春秋五霸
- 春秋兒／春秋儿
- 春秋大夢／春秋大梦 (chūnqiūdàmèng)
- 春秋幾何／春秋几何
- 春秋日高
- 春秋榜
- 春秋筆削／春秋笔削
- 春秋筆法／春秋笔法 (Chūnqiū bǐfǎ)
- 春秋繁露
- 春秋衫
- 春秋配
- 春秋鼎盛 (chūnqiūdǐngshèng)
- 春種／春种
- 春筍／春笋
- 春筍怒發／春笋怒发
- 春節／春节 (chūnjié)
- 春紅／春红
- 春綢／春绸
- 春纖／春纤
- 春耕 (chūngēng)
- 春聯／春联 (chūnlián)
- 春聯兒／春联儿
- 春肥
- 春臺／春台
- 春興／春兴
- 春色 (chūnsè)
- 春色惱人／春色恼人
- 春色滿園／春色满园
- 春花
- 春芳
- 春花作物
- 春花秋月 (chūnhuāqiūyuè)
- 春草 (chūncǎo)
- 春茶 (chūnchá)
- 春荒
- 春菇
- 春華／春华
- 春華秋實／春华秋实
- 春菜絲兒／春菜丝儿
- 春蒐
- 春蔥／春葱
- 春藥／春药 (chūnyào)
- 春蘭／春兰 (chūnlán)
- 春蘭秋菊／春兰秋菊
- 春蚓秋蛇
- 春蠶／春蚕 (chūncán)
- 春裝／春装
- 春試／春试
- 春誦夏絃／春诵夏弦
- 春賽／春赛
- 春運／春运 (chūnyùn)
- 春遊／春游 (chūnyóu)
- 春酒
- 春閨／春闺
- 春闈／春闱
- 春院
- 春陵 (Chūnlíng)
- 春雨 (chūnyǔ)
- 春雷
- 春霖
- 春露秋霜
- 春風／春风 (chūnfēng)
- 春風一度／春风一度
- 春風化雨／春风化雨 (chūnfēnghuàyǔ)
- 春風和氣／春风和气
- 春風夏雨／春风夏雨
- 春風得意／春风得意 (chūnfēngdéyì)
- 春風滿面／春风满面
- 春風藹吉／春风蔼吉
- 春風雨露／春风雨露
- 春風面／春风面
- 春風風人／春风风人
- 春餅／春饼 (chūnbǐng)
- 春香鬧學／春香闹学
- 春鶯／春莺
- 春麥／春麦
- 晏子春秋 (Yànzǐ Chūnqiū)
- 時雨春風／时雨春风
- 暮春 (Mùchūn)
- 暮雲春樹／暮云春树
- 有女懷春／有女怀春
- 有腳陽春／有脚阳春
- 杏林春暖
- 枯木逢春
- 枯枝再春
- 楚漢春秋／楚汉春秋
- 殘春／残春
- 永春 (Yǒngchūn)
- 沐浴春風／沐浴春风
- 洪春 (Hóngchūn)
- 滿春／满春 (Mǎnchūn)
- 漏春和尚
- 漏洩春光／漏泄春光
- 滿袖春風／满袖春风
- 滿面春生／满面春生
- 滿面春風／满面春风 (mǎnmiànchūnfēng)
- 滿面生春／满面生春
- 熙春 (xīchūn)
- 燒春／烧春
- 玉堂春
- 玉樓春／玉楼春
- 琿春／珲春 (Húnchūn, “Hunchun”)
- 琿春河／珲春河
- 琿春縣／珲春县
- 甕頭春／瓮头春
- 留春
- 發春／发春 (fāchūn)
- 白雪陽春／白雪阳春
- 皮裡春秋／皮里春秋
- 眉似春山
- 眉蹙春山
- 碧蘿春／碧萝春
- 碧螺春 (bìluóchūn)
- 萬古長春／万古长春
- 秋月春風／秋月春风
- 立春 (Lìchūn)
- 第二春 (dì'èrchūn)
- 紅春／红春 (Hóngchūn)
- 繡閣長春／绣阁长春
- 花塢春曉／花坞春晓
- 芳春
- 莫春
- 著手回春
- 著手成春
- 蔣春霖／蒋春霖
- 藥到回春／药到回春
- 蘄春／蕲春 (Qíchūn)
- 虎尾春冰
- 行春
- 買春／买春 (mǎichūn)
- 賣春／卖春 (màichūn)
- 走春
- 迎春 (yíngchūn)
- 迎春花 (yíngchūnhuā)
- 遞春／递春
- 鄂倫春族／鄂伦春族 (Èlúnchūnzú)
- 鍾離春／钟离春
- 長春／长春 (Chángchūn)
- 長春市／长春市
- 長春花／长春花 (chángchūnhuā)
- 開春／开春 (kāichūn)
- 陽春／阳春 (yángchūn)
- 陽春有腳／阳春有脚
- 陽春白雪／阳春白雪 (yángchūnbáixuě)
- 陽春麵／阳春面 (yángchūnmiàn)
- 陽臺春夢／阳台春梦
- 雨後春筍／雨后春笋 (yǔhòuchūnsǔn)
- 青春 (qīngchūn)
- 青春期 (qīngchūnqī)
- 青春永駐／青春永驻
- 青春痘 (qīngchūndòu)
- 面若春花
- 鞭春
- 麗春園／丽春园
- 麗春花／丽春花
- 黍谷生春
- 龜鶴同春／龟鹤同春
Descendants
Etymology 2
| simp. and trad. |
春 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 膥 | |
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d(w)əj (“egg; testicle”) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
Pronunciation
Definitions
春
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 蛋 (“egg (of a bird or reptile)”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 睪丸 (“testicle”) [map]
References
- “春”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Compounds
Compounds
- 小春 (koharu, “early autumn, Indian summer”)
- 小春日和 (koharubiyori, “early autumn, Indian summer”)
- 常春 (tokoharu, “everlasting spring”)
- 初春 (hatsuharu), 初春 (shoshun, “early spring, New Year”)
- 春菊 (shungiku, “garland chrysanthemum”)
- 春秋 (shunjū, “spring and autumn, months and years, Chronicles of Lu”)
- 春秋戦国 (shunjūsengoku, “Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period in China”)
- 春一番 (haruichiban, “first storm of spring”)
- 春風 (harukaze, “spring breeze”)
- 春霞 (harugasumi, “springtime haze”)
- 春着 (harugi, “springwear, New Year's clothes”)
- 春蚕 (harugo, “spring breed of silkworms”)
- 春先 (harusaki, “beginning of spring”)
- 春雨 (harusame, “spring rain, cellophane noodles”)
- 春場所 (harubasho, “the spring sumo tournament in Osaka”)
- 春繭 (harumayu, “the spring cocoon crop”)
- 春休み (haruyasumi, “spring break”)
- 来春 (raishun, “next spring”)
- 翌春 (yokushun, “next spring”)
- 春分 (shunbun, “spring equinox, vernal equinox”)
Coordinate terms
| Seasons in Japanese · 四季 (shiki, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 春 (haru, “spring”) 春季 (shunki, “spring”) 春期 (shunki, “spring period”) |
夏 (natsu, “summer”) 夏季 (kaki, “summer”) 夏期 (kaki, “summer period”) |
秋 (aki, “fall; autumn”) 秋季 (shūki, “fall; autumn”) 秋期 (shūki, “fall period”) |
冬 (fuyu, “winter”) 冬季 (tōki, “winter”) 冬期 (tōki, “winter period”) |
Derived terms
- 春めく (harumeku)
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 春 (MC t͡ɕʰiuɪn).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 츈 (Yale: chyùn) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 봄〮 (Yale: pwóm) | 츈 (Yale: chyùn) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰun]
- Phonetic hangul: [춘]
Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
春: Hán Việt readings: xuân (
春: Nôm readings: xuân[1][2][5][4][6][7], xoan[1][2][3][4][7]
Compounds
Derived terms
- 仲春 (trọng xuân)
- 回春 (hồi xuân)
- 孟春 (mạnh xuân)
- 新春 (tân xuân)
- 春亭 (xuân đình)
- 春分 (xuân phân)
- 春夏秋冬 (xuân hạ thu đông)
- 春山 (xuân sơn)
- 春桃 (xuân đào)
- 春秋 (xuân thu)
- 立春 (lập xuân)
- 賞春 (thưởng xuân)
- 迎春 (nghênh xuân)
- 遊春 (du xuân)
- 開春 (khai xuân)
- 青春 (thanh xuân)
References
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
- Bonet (1899).
- Hồ (1976).
- Génibrel (1898).
- Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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