| surname | clan name; maiden name | spring and autumn; the four seasons | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (呂氏春秋) | 呂 | 氏 | 春秋 | |
| simp. (吕氏春秋) | 吕 | 氏 | 春秋 | |
Named after Qin politician 呂不韋.
| Rime | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 呂 | 氏 | 春 | 秋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 3/3 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 常 (25) | 昌 (24) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 支 (11) | 諄 (47) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 力舉切 | 承紙切 | 昌脣切 | 七由切 |
| Reconstructions | ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/lɨʌX/ | /d͡ʑiᴇX/ | /t͡ɕʰiuɪn/ | /t͡sʰɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/liɔX/ | /d͡ʑiɛX/ | /t͡ɕʰʷin/ | /t͡sʰiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/liɔX/ | /d͡ʑjɛX/ | /t͡ɕʰjuen/ | /t͡sʰiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/lɨə̆X/ | /d͡ʑiə̆X/ | /cʰwin/ | /t͡sʰuw/ |
| Li Rong |
/liɔX/ | /ʑieX/ | /t͡ɕʰiuĕn/ | /t͡sʰiu/ |
| Wang Li |
/lĭoX/ | /ʑǐeX/ | /t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/ | /t͡sʰĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/li̯woX/ | /ʑie̯X/ | /t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/ | /t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
lǚ | shì | chūn | qiū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
leoi5 | si6 | ceon1 | cau1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 呂 | 氏 | 春 | 秋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
lǚ | shì | chūn | qiū |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ljoX › | ‹ dzyeX › | ‹ tsyhwin › | ‹ tshjuw › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[r]aʔ/ | /*k.deʔ/ | /*tʰun/ | /*tsʰiw/ |
| English | spine; pitch-pipe | clan | springtime | autumn; crop |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 呂 | 氏 | 春 | 秋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 3/3 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 8579 | 11523 | 12573 | 10537 |
| Phonetic component |
呂 | 氏 | 屯 | 秋 |
| Rime group |
魚 | 支 | 文 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
吕 | 是 | 春 | 秋 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡ·raʔ/ | /*ɡjeʔ/ | /*tʰjun/ | /*sʰɯw/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象鑄青銅器用的鋌塊， 中不連，非膂初文 |
甲金文象人俯伏手臂下據着地（右下菱形象封土， 指胙土命氏，金文省爲圓點），以表對氏族份地的禮敬， 後轉註爲坁祇， 非乁聲 |
說文從艸從日屯聲， 實屯繁化轉註字 |
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