堵

堵 U+5835, 堵
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5835
← 場
[U+5834] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 堶 →
[U+5836]

Translingual

Han character

堵 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土十大日 (GJKA), four-corner 44160, composition ⿰土者)

Derived characters
  • 𧹻

References
  • KangXi: page 234, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5279
  • Dae Jaweon: page 472, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 448, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5835

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 堵
alternative forms 𡦡
𩫭

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (者) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
觰 *rtaːʔ, *rtaː
諸 *tjaː, *tja
者 *tjaːʔ
堵 *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ
赭 *tjaːʔ
撦 *l̥ʰjaːʔ
扯 *tʰjaːʔ
闍 *djaː, *taː
奢 *hljaː
鍺 *toːlʔ
都 *taː
醏 *taː
覩 *taːʔ
睹 *taːʔ
暏 *taːʔ
賭 *taːʔ
帾 *taːʔ
楮 *taːʔ, *tʰaʔ
屠 *daː, *da
瘏 *daː
廜 *daː
鷵 *daː
緒 *ljaʔ
豬 *ta
猪 *ta
瀦 *ta
藸 *ta, *da
櫫 *ta
褚 *taʔ, *tʰaʔ
著 *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ
箸 *tas, *das
儲 *da
躇 *da
櫧 *tja
藷 *tja, *djas
蠩 *tja
煮 *tjaʔ
渚 *tjaʔ
煑 *tjaʔ
陼 *tjaʔ
翥 *tjas
署 *djas
薯 *djas
曙 *djas
書 *hlja
暑 *hjaʔ
鐯 *taɡ
擆 *taɡ
櫡 *taɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ) : semantic 土 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 堵
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 當古切
Baxter tuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tuoX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tuoX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /toX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tɔX/
Li
Rong		 /toX/
Wang
Li		 /tuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 dǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 dou2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 堵 堵
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 dǔ dǔ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tuX › ‹ tuX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tˁaʔ/ /*tˁaʔ/
English a row or set of bells or musical stones measure of length of wall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 堵
Reading # 2/2
No. 16975
Phonetic
component		 者
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 覩
Old
Chinese		 /*taːʔ/

Definitions

堵

  1. (obsolete) a unit of measure of the length and height of a wall
  2. (literary) wall
    觀者如堵／观者如堵  ―  guānzhěrúdǔ  ―  a wall of spectators
  3. to block up; to stop up
    堵車／堵车  ―  dǔchē  ―  to be jammed with traffic
    堵上這個漏洞／堵上这个漏洞  ―  dǔ shàng zhège lòudòng  ―  to close this loophole
    廚房的水管堵住了。 [MSC, trad.]
    厨房的水管堵住了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Chúfáng de shuǐguǎn dǔ zhù le. [Pinyin]
    The pipe in the kitchen is clogged.
  4. (Teochew) to encounter
  5. stifled; suffocated
    心裡堵得慌／心里堵得慌  ―  xīnlǐ dǔ dé huāng  ―  to feel suffocated; to be depressed
  6. (obsolete) An ancient unit of measure, denoting sixteen bells or chimes hanging on a bell pendant stand.
  7. Classifier for walls. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
  8. a surname
    姬申扶堵  ―  Jī Shēn Fú Dǔ  ―  (a verse from the Hundred Family Surnames)
Synonyms
  • (to block up): 塞 (sāi)
  • (to encounter):
Dialectal synonyms of 遇 (“to encounter”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 遇, 碰, 遭
Mandarin Taiwan 遇, 碰
Malaysia 遇, 碰
Singapore 遇, 碰
Cantonese Guangzhou 遇, 撞
Hong Kong 遇, 撞
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 遇, 撞
Singapore (Guangfu) 遇
Hakka Meixian 遇, 撞
Min Nan Xiamen 拄, 撞, 衝, 磅
Quanzhou 拄, 撞, 衝
Zhangzhou 拄, 衝
Tainan 拄, 撞, 磅
Penang (Hokkien) 拄
Singapore (Hokkien) 拄
Manila (Hokkien) 拄, 遇
Chaozhou 遇, 堵
Shantou 遇
Jieyang 遇, 堵
Singapore (Teochew) 堵
  • (classifier for walls):
Dialectal synonyms of 堵 (“(classifier for walls)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 堵, 面, 道
Mandarin Taiwan 堵, 面, 道
Yantai (Muping) 堵
Jinan 堵
Luoyang 堵
Xi'an 堵
Xining 堵
Ürümqi 堵
Chengdu 堵
Guiyang 堵
Liuzhou 堵
Cantonese Guangzhou 埲, 幅
Hong Kong 埲, 幅
Dongguan 條
Hakka Meixian 皮
Huizhou Jixi 堵, 面
Jin Taiyuan 堵
Xinzhou 堵
Min Bei Jian'ou 板, 堵
Min Dong Fuzhou 堵
Min Nan Xiamen 堵
Quanzhou 堵
Zhangzhou 堵
Taipei (Wanhua) 片
Kaohsiung 面
Yilan 堵
Changhua (Lukang) 面
Taichung 片
Taichung (Wuqi) 片
Tainan 堵, 面
Taitung 片
Hsinchu 片
Penghu (Magong) 片
Jieyang 爿, 埤, 片
Haikou 幅
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 幅
Wu Shanghai 堵
Shanghai (Chongming) 堵
Suzhou 堵
Danyang 堵
Hangzhou 堵
Jinhua 堵
Xiang Changsha 堵

Compounds
Derived terms from 堵

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 堵
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 章也切
Baxter tsyaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ɕiaX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡ɕiaX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ɕiaX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ciaX/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ɕiaX/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ɕĭaX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡ɕi̯aX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhě
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 ze2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 堵
Reading # 1/2
No. 16961
Phonetic
component		 者
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 者
Old
Chinese		 /*tjaːʔ/

Definitions

堵

  1. (～河) Zhe or Du River (river in Hubei Province, China)

Japanese

Kanji
堵

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings
  • On (unclassified): と (to)
  • Kun: かき (kaki, 堵)

Korean

Hanja

堵 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

堵: Hán Nôm readings: đổ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.