生活

Chinese
 
to be born; to give birth; life
to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw
 
to live; alive; living
to live; alive; living; work; workmanship
simp. and trad.
(生活)		 生 活
alternative forms 松豪 calligraphy brush
anagram 活生

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 生 生 活
Reading # 1/2 2/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 生 (21) 生 (21) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 庚 (109) 庚 (109) 桓 (64)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Closed
Division (等) II II I
Fanqie 所庚切 所敬切 戸括切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʃˠæŋ/ /ʃˠæŋH/ /ɦuɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʃᵚaŋ/ /ʃᵚaŋH/ /ɦʷɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʃaŋ/ /ʃaŋH/ /ɣuɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʂaɨjŋ/ /ʂaɨjŋH/ /ɦwat̚/
Li
Rong		 /ʃɐŋ/ /ʃɐŋH/ /ɣuɑt̚/
Wang
Li		 /ʃɐŋ/ /ʃɐŋH/ /ɣuɑt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʂɐŋ/ /ʂɐŋH/ /ɣuɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shēng shèng huó
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 sang1 sang3 wut6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 生 生 生 活
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shēng shēng shēng huó
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sræng › ‹ sræng › ‹ srjæng › ‹ hwat ›
Old
Chinese		 /*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?) /*sreŋ/ /*sreŋ/ (or *s.reŋ ?) /*[ɡ]ʷˁat/
English bear, be born; live fresh, raw bear, be born; live to live

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 生 生 活
Reading # 1/2 2/2 2/2
No. 11312 11322 7585
Phonetic
component		 生 生 桰
Rime
group		 耕 耕 月
Rime
subdivision		 0 0 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 生 生 活
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰleːŋ/ /*sreŋs/ /*ɡoːd/

Noun

生活

  1. life (activities in life)
    日常生活  ―  rìcháng shēnghuó  ―  everyday life
    城市生活  ―  chéngshì shēnghuó  ―  urban life
    生活節奏／生活节奏  ―  shēnghuó jiézòu  ―  pace of life
    豪華生活／豪华生活  ―  háohuá shēnghuó  ―  high life
    熱愛生活／热爱生活  ―  rè'ài shēnghuó  ―  to love one's life
    生活態度／生活态度  ―  shēnghuó tàidù  ―  outlook on life
    人民生活步步高  ―  rénmín shēnghuó bùbùgāo  ―  the lives of the people improve step by step
    我感覺自己的生活很無聊。 [MSC, trad.]
    我感觉自己的生活很无聊。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ gǎnjiào zìjǐ de shēnghuó hěn wúliáo. [Pinyin]
    I feel my life is boring.
    我們都嚮往幸福的生活。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们都向往幸福的生活。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen dōu xiàngwǎng xìngfú de shēnghuó. [Pinyin]
    We all long for a happy life.
    這個技術能讓我們的生活更方便。 [MSC, trad.]
    这个技术能让我们的生活更方便。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè ge jìshù néng ràng wǒmen de shēnghuó gèng fāngbiàn. [Pinyin]
    This technology can make our lives more convenient.
  2. livelihood
  3. (dialectal) job; task
    做生活  ―  zuò shēnghuó  ―  to work
  4. (dialectal Mandarin) calligraphy brush; inkbrush

Synonyms
  • (livelihood):
  • (task): 活 (huó)
Dialectal synonyms of 職業 (“job; occupation; profession”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 職, 業
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 職業, 工作
Mandarin Taiwan 工作
Singapore 工, 工作
Cantonese Guangzhou 工
Hong Kong 工
Singapore (Guangfu) 工
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 頭路
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 頭路
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 頭路
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 頭路
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 頭路
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 頭路
Min Nan Xiamen 頭路, 工課, 穡路
Quanzhou 頭路, 工課, 穡路
Jinjiang 頭路
Zhangzhou 頭路, 工課, 穡路
Taipei 頭路
New Taipei (Sanxia) 頭路, 職業
Kaohsiung 工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業
Yilan 工課, 頭路, 職業
Changhua (Lukang) 工課, 頭路, 職業
Taichung 頭路, 工課, 穡頭
Tainan 工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業
Hsinchu 頭路, 工課
Kinmen 頭路, 工課
Penghu (Magong) 工課
Penang (Hokkien) 工課, 工
Singapore (Hokkien) 工, 頭路, 工課
Manila (Hokkien) 頭路
Jieyang 工課
Singapore (Teochew) 工, 工課
Singapore (Hainanese) 工
Wu Shanghai 工作, 生活, 生意, 行當, 飯碗 figuratively, 飯碗頭 figuratively
Shanghai (Chongming) 生活, 營生
Suzhou 行當
Danyang 生活
Ningbo 生活, 行當
Wenzhou 行當
Jinhua 行當, 事幹, 生活
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
Dialectal synonyms of 毛筆 (“calligraphy brush; inkbrush”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 管, 翰
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 毛筆
Mandarin Beijing 毛筆
Taiwan 毛筆
Ulanhot 水筆
Tongliao 水筆
Chifeng 毛筆
Bayanhot 毛筆
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 水筆
Harbin 毛筆
Yantai (Muping) 水筆, 毛筆
Jinan 毛筆
Luoyang 毛筆
Wanrong 毛筆, 生紅 dated
Wanrong (Ronghe) 生胡
Zhengzhou 毛筆
Xi'an 毛筆, 墨筆, 生活 dated
Yinchuan 毛筆, 生花 dated
Lanzhou 生活
Xining 生活, 筆
Ürümqi 毛筆, 生活 dated
Wuhan 毛筆, 墨筆 dated
Chengdu 毛筆, 墨筆
Guiyang 墨筆, 毛筆
Liuzhou 毛筆
Xuzhou 毛筆
Yangzhou 毛筆
Nanjing 墨筆, 毛筆
Hefei 毛筆, 墨筆
Cantonese Guangzhou 毛筆, 墨筆
Hong Kong 毛筆
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 毛筆
Dongguan 毛筆
Yangjiang 毛筆, 墨筆
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 毛筆
Gan Nanchang 墨筆
Lichuan 毛筆
Pingxiang 墨筆
Hakka Meixian 毛筆, 水筆
Changting 毛筆
Wuping 毛筆
Ninghua 筆
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 毛筆, 水筆
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 毛筆, 水筆
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 毛筆, 水筆
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 毛筆, 水筆
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 毛筆, 水筆
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 毛筆, 膨筆, 水筆
Hong Kong 毛筆
Luchuan (Daqiao) 毛筆
Senai (Huiyang) 毛筆
Huizhou Jixi 毛筆
Jin Taiyuan 毛筆, 筆
Xinzhou 毛筆
Taibus (Baochang) 毛筆
Linhe 毛筆
Jining 毛筆
Hohhot 毛筆
Baotou 毛筆
Dongsheng 毛筆
Haibowan 毛筆
Min Bei Jian'ou 毛筆, 水筆
Min Dong Fuzhou 毛筆, 墨筆, 水筆
Changle 毛筆
Fuqing 毛筆, 水筆
Yongtai 水筆
Gutian 水筆
Fu'an 水筆
Ningde 墨筆
Shouning 墨筆
Zhouning 墨筆
Fuding 墨筆
Min Nan Xiamen 水筆, 毛筆
Quanzhou 毛筆
Zhangzhou 水筆, 毛筆
Penang (Hokkien) 毛筆
Singapore (Hokkien) 毛筆
Manila (Hokkien) 毛筆
Chaozhou 毛筆, 墨筆
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 毛筆
Haikou 毛筆
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 毛筆
Wu Shanghai 毛筆, 墨筆
Suzhou 毛筆, 墨筆
Danyang 毛筆, 墨筆
Hangzhou 毛筆, 墨筆
Ningbo 墨筆
Wenzhou 墨筆
Jinhua 墨筆, 毛筆
Xiang Changsha 墨筆
Loudi 墨筆
Shuangfeng 墨筆, 寫字筆, 筆

Verb

生活

  1. to live; to exist; to lead a lifestyle
    健康生活  ―  jiànkāng shēnghuó  ―  to lead a healthy lifestyle

Synonyms

Derived terms
Derived terms from 生活

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (生活):

See also

Japanese
Kanji in this term
生 活
せい
Grade: 1		 かつ
Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) せーかつ [sèékátsú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [se̞ːka̠t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

生(せい)活(かつ) • (seikatsu) 

  1. life; livelihood; daily living.

Usage notes

生活 is distinct from 命 (いのち, inochi, life), because it refers to daily life and livelihood as it is experienced, whereas 命 refers to life as a whole (from birth to death), or as an abstract concept. Both are generally translated as life, however, as this distinction is not normally made in English.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Verb

生(せい)活(かつ)する • (seikatsu suru) intransitive suru (stem 生(せい)活(かつ)し (seikatsu shi), past 生(せい)活(かつ)した (seikatsu shita))

  1. live a life

Conjugation
Conjugation of "生活する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 生活し せいかつし seikatsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 生活し せいかつし seikatsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 生活する せいかつする seikatsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 生活する せいかつする seikatsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 生活すれ せいかつすれ seikatsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 生活せよ¹
生活しろ²		 せいかつせよ¹
せいかつしろ²		 seikatsu seyo¹
seikatsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 生活される せいかつされる seikatsu sareru
Causative 生活させる
生活さす		 せいかつさせる
せいかつさす		 seikatsu saseru
seikatsu sasu
Potential 生活できる せいかつできる seikatsu dekiru
Volitional 生活しよう せいかつしよう seikatsu shiyō
Negative 生活しない せいかつしない seikatsu shinai
Negative continuative 生活せず せいかつせず seikatsu sezu
Formal 生活します せいかつします seikatsu shimasu
Perfective 生活した せいかつした seikatsu shita
Conjunctive 生活して せいかつして seikatsu shite
Hypothetical conditional 生活すれば せいかつすれば seikatsu sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
生活

Noun

生活 • (saenghwal) (hangeul 생활)

  1. Hanja form? of 생활 (“lifestyle, way of life, daily living”).

Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term
生活

Noun

生活

  1. chữ Hán form of sinh hoạt (“life”).
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.