過去

See also: 过去

Chinese

 
to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker)
to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker); to pass; to celebrate; to live; to get along; excessively; too-
to go; to leave; to remove
trad. (過去) 過 去
simp. (过去) 过 去

Etymology

"the past"
Originally a Buddhist calque of Sanskrit अतीत (atīta, “[what has] gone by; bygone; the past”, past participle), from अति (ati, “over; beyond”) + verb root इ (i, “to go”).

Pronunciation


Note: 去 is toneless for verb sense.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: 2ku-qy; 2ku-qi
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kv̩ʷ³³ t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/, /kv̩ʷ³³ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
Note: 2ku-qy is employed for the noun sense, and 2ku-qi the verb..

Rime
Character 過 去
Reading # 2/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 戈 (95) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 古卧切 丘倨切
Baxter kwaH khjoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kuɑH/ /kʰɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kuɑH/ /kʰiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kuɑH/ /kʰiɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kwaH/ /kʰɨə̆H/
Li
Rong
/kuɑH/ /kʰiɔH/
Wang
Li
/kuɑH/ /kʰĭoH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kuɑH/ /kʰi̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
guò qù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gwo3 heoi3

Noun

過去

  1. the past
    回顧過去/回顾过去  ―  huígù guòqù  ―  to look back (into the past)
    董事局在過去幾年出現多次的人事變動。 [MSC, trad.]
    董事局在过去几年出现多次的人事变动。 [MSC, simp.]
    Dǒngshìjú zài guòqù jǐnián chūxiàn duōcì de rénshì biàndòng. [Pinyin]
    The board of directors has undergone several personnel changes in the past few years.

Synonyms

Verb

過去

  1. to go over; to pass by
  2. to have already happened; to be in the past
    忍忍就過去了。/忍忍就过去了。  ―  Rěn rěn jiù guòqù le.  ―  Endure it for a bit and then it'll be gone.
  3. (euphemistic) to die; to pass away

Usage notes

In the euphemistic sense to die, must be followed by 了 (le).

Synonyms

  • (to die):

Derived terms

Japanese

Kanji in this term
過 去
か
Grade: 5
こ
Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

過(か)去(こ) • (kako) ←くわこ (kwako)?

  1. the past (period of time that has already happened)
    • 2003 September 22, Uraku, Akinobu, “第(だい)61話(わ) 愛(いと)しきものの為(ため)に [Chapter 61: All for Our Loved Ones]”, in 東(とう)京(きょう)アンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, →ISBN, pages 48–49:
      過(か)去(こ)を断(た)ち切(き)る力(ちから) 見(み)せてもらいたいものね
      Kako o tachikiru chikara misete moraitai mono ne
      Your willingness to cut ties with the past. Show me.
    • 2007 July 21, “六(ろく)武(ぶ)衆(しゅう)の侍(じ)従(じゅう) [Chamberlain of the Six Samurai]”, in GLADIATOR'S ASSAULT(グラディエイターズ・アサルト), Konami:
      六(ろく)武(ぶ)衆(しゅう)を陰(かげ)で支(ささ)える謎(なぞ)多(おお)き人(じん)物(ぶつ)。今(いま)はもう闘(たたか)う事(こと)はないが、体(からだ)に刻(きざ)まれた無(む)数(すう)の傷(きず)跡(あと)が何(なに)かを語(かた)る。その過(か)去(こ)を知(し)る者(もの)はいない。
      Rokubushū o kage de sasaeru nazoōki jinbutsu. Ima wa mō tatakau koto wa nai ga, karada ni kizamareta musū no kizuato ga nanika o kataru. Sono kako o shiru mono wa inai.
      An enigmatic character who supports the Six Samurai from the shadows. He no longer engages in battles, but countless scars on his body definitely tell something. No one really knows about that past of his, though.

See also

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
過去

Noun

過去 • (gwageo) (hangeul 과거)

  1. Hanja form? of 과거 (“the past”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
過去

Noun

過去

  1. chữ Hán form of quá khứ (“the past”).
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